Chap 4 Flashcards
What is Risk Aversion?
In decision making, the greater weight given to possible losses than possible gains
What is Temporal Discounting?
In decision making, the greater weight given to the present over the future
What is certainty effect/
In decision making, the greater weight given to the definite outcomes than to probabilities
What is Keeping options open?
people [refer to postpone hard decisions and keep their options open as long as possible.
What is error manageent theory?
the idea that both men and women seek to minimize the most costly type of error, but that men’s and women’s goals and hence, worst errors, differ.
What is Status quo Bias?
The perference to keep things the way they are rather than change
What is Omission bias?
The tendency to take whatever course of action does not require you to do anything(also called default option)
What is Reacxtence theory?
The idea that people are distressed by loss of freedom or options and seek to reclaim them.
What are the three rections to reactance theory?
- makes option seem more atteractive
- you may try to reclaim the forbidden option
- you may act agressively to the person who has restricted the option from you
What is an entity theorists?
those who believe tat traits are fixed, stable things and people should not be expected to change
What are incremential theorists?
Those who believe that traits are subject to change and improvement.
What is learned helplessness?
belief that one’s desires will not bruing about desired outcomes, leading one to give up and stop trying
What is self-determination theory?
The theory that people need to feel some degree of autonomy and internal motivation
What is Panic button effect?
A reduction in stress or suffering due to a belief that one has the option of escaping or controlling the situation, even if one doesn’t exercise it
What is a goal?
An idea of some desired future state
In relation to mindsets and goals what is the function of goal setting?
Daeciding what to do
In relation to mindsets and goals what is the function of Goal pursuit/ striving?
deciding how to do it and doing it
In relation to mindsets and goals what is the correlation between attitude and goal setting?
open minded
In relation to mindsets and goals what is the correaltion between attitude and goal pursuit?
Closed minded
In relation to mindsets and goals what is the function of mental focus and goal setting?
fesiability and desirability
In relation to mindsets and goals what is the function of mental focus and goal pursuits?
Means and obstacles
In relation to mindsets and goals what is the What is the core question that arises with goal setting?
Why should i do it
In relation to mindsets and goals what is the core question that arises with goal pursuit
How should i do it
In relation to mindsets and goals what is the style of thought asswociated with goal setting
Realistic thinking
In relation to mindsets and goals what is the what is the style of thought associated with goal pursuit?
Optimistic thining
what is the zeigarnik effect?
A tendency to experience automatic, intrusive thoughts about a goal whose pursuit has been interuptted.
People usually have a hierarchy of goals with ______ _____ goals that operate as stepping stones to _____ ___ goals
Short term, Long term
What is Goal Sheilding?
Occurs when the activation of a focal goal the person is working on inhibits the accessibility of alternative goals.
What is a planning fallacy?
The tedndency for olans to be overly optimisitc, because the planner fails to allow for unexpected probemds
What is Self- Regulation?
The self capacity to al;ter it’s own responses, self control
Goals are the meaningful link between values and actions T O F?
T
What is Monitoring?
Keeping track of behaviors of responsesto be regulated
What does TOTE stand for?
The self regulation feedback loopof test, operate, test, exit
What does capacity for change mean?
the active phase of self regulation, willpoer
What is decision fatoigue?
S state of depleted willpower caused by making decisions which can affect subsequent decisions by causing people to fail to think and coose carefuly
What is a Habit?
An aquired behavior that if if followed regularly, will become automatic
What is self defeaitng behavior?
any action by which people bring failure , suffering, or misfortune on themselves.
What is capacity for delayed gratification?
The ability to make immidiate sacarfices for later rewrads
