Chap 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Social Cognition?

A

A movement in social psycgology that began in the 1970s that focused on thoughts about people and about social relationships

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2
Q

What is Cognitive miser?

A

A term used to describe peole’s reluctance to do much extra thinking

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3
Q

What is a Stroop test/

A

A standard measure of effortfol control over responses requiring participants to identify the color of a word which may name a different color

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4
Q

What is the stroop effect?

A

In the stroop test the finding that people have difficulty overriding the automatic tendency to read the word rather than name the ink color

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5
Q

What are knowledge structures?

A

organized packets of information that are stored in memory

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6
Q

What are schemas?

A

Knowledge structures that reresent substantial information, about a concept, its attributes and its relationshops to other concepts,

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7
Q

What are scripts?

A

Knowledge strcutures that guide concepts and behavior

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8
Q

What is Priming?

A

Activating an idea in soeones mind so that related ideas are ore accessible

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9
Q

What is Framoing?

A

Whether messages convey potential gains (positive) or potential losses (negative)

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10
Q

What is Gain-framed appeal?

A

Focuses on how doing something will add to your health

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11
Q

What is Loss framed appeal?

A

Focuses on how not doing somethig will subtract from your health

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12
Q

What is counter regulation?

A

The “what the heck” effect that occurs when people indulge in abehavior they are trying to regulate after an initial regulatio failure

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13
Q

What are attributions?

A

The causual explinations people give for their own and others behaviors and for events in general

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14
Q

What is self serving bias?

A

The tendency to take credit for success but deny blame for failure// internal attributions for success, and external for failurea

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15
Q

What is actor/obsever bias?

A

The tendency for actors to make external attributions and observers to make internal attributons

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16
Q

What is fundemental attribution error// (correspondense bias)

A

The tendency for observers to attribute other peoples behavior to internal or dispositional causes and downplay situational causes

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17
Q

What are heuristics?

A

Mental shortcuts that provide quick estimates about the likelihood of uncertain events

18
Q

What are four common hueristics?

A

Representativeness, avaliability, stimulation, and anchoring and adjustment

19
Q

What is a representativeness hueristic/?

A

The tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood, of an event by the extent to which it resembles the typical case

20
Q

What is Avaliability Heuristic?

A

The tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood of an event by the ease with which relevant instances come to mind

21
Q

What is a stimulation heurisitic?

A

The tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood of an event by bthe eae with which you ca imagine

22
Q

What is anchoring and adjustment?

A

The tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood of an evemnt by using a starting point and then making adjustments up or down

23
Q

What is confirmation bias?

A

The tendency tonnotice and search for information that confirms one’s beliefs to ignore information that disconfirms one’s beliefs.

24
Q

What is Illusory correlation?

A

the tendency to overestimate the link between variables that are related only slightly or not at all

25
Q

What is a one-shot illusory correlation?

A

An illusory correlation that occurs after exposure to only one unusual behavior preformed by only one member of an unfamiliar group

26
Q

What is Base rate fallacy

A

The tendency to ignore or underuse base rate information and instead to be influenced byb the distinctive features of the case being judged

27
Q

What is hot Hand?

A

The tendency for gamblers who get lucky to think they have a hot hand and their luck will continie

28
Q

What is Gambler’s fallacy?

A

The tendency to believe that a particular chance event is affected bvy previous eventds and that chance events will “even out in the short run

29
Q

What is Flase Concensus effect?

A

Te tendency to overestinayte the number of people who share one’s opinion attitudes values and beliefs

30
Q

What is False Uniqueness effect?

A

The tendency to underestimate the nuber of other people who share one’s most prized charecteristics and abilities

31
Q

What is theory perserverence?

A

Proposes that once the mind draws a conclusion it tends to stick with that cobclusion unless there is overwheing evidence to change it

32
Q

What is ststistical regression

A

The statistical tendency for extreme scores or extreme behavior to be followed by others that are less extreme and closerb to average

33
Q

What is illuion of control?

A

the false belief that one can influence certain events especially random or chance ones

34
Q

What os counterfactual thinking?

A

Imaginin alternatives to past or present events or circumstabnces

35
Q

What is first instinct fallacy?

A

The false belief that it is better not to change ones first answer on a testeven if one starts to think that a different answer is correct q

36
Q

What are upward counterfactuals

A

Imagining alternatives that are better than reality

37
Q

What are downward counterfactuals ?

A

Imagining alternative that are worse than reality

38
Q

What is regret?

A

Invilves feelng sorry for one’s misfortune \s, limitations, losses, transgressions , sortcoings or mistakes

39
Q

What is Debiasing?

A

reducing errors and biases by getting people to use deliberate processing rathye than automatic processing

40
Q

What is meta cognition?

A

Reflecting on one’s own thought proccess