Chap 5 Flashcards
What is Social Cognition?
A movement in social psycgology that began in the 1970s that focused on thoughts about people and about social relationships
What is Cognitive miser?
A term used to describe peole’s reluctance to do much extra thinking
What is a Stroop test/
A standard measure of effortfol control over responses requiring participants to identify the color of a word which may name a different color
What is the stroop effect?
In the stroop test the finding that people have difficulty overriding the automatic tendency to read the word rather than name the ink color
What are knowledge structures?
organized packets of information that are stored in memory
What are schemas?
Knowledge structures that reresent substantial information, about a concept, its attributes and its relationshops to other concepts,
What are scripts?
Knowledge strcutures that guide concepts and behavior
What is Priming?
Activating an idea in soeones mind so that related ideas are ore accessible
What is Framoing?
Whether messages convey potential gains (positive) or potential losses (negative)
What is Gain-framed appeal?
Focuses on how doing something will add to your health
What is Loss framed appeal?
Focuses on how not doing somethig will subtract from your health
What is counter regulation?
The “what the heck” effect that occurs when people indulge in abehavior they are trying to regulate after an initial regulatio failure
What are attributions?
The causual explinations people give for their own and others behaviors and for events in general
What is self serving bias?
The tendency to take credit for success but deny blame for failure// internal attributions for success, and external for failurea
What is actor/obsever bias?
The tendency for actors to make external attributions and observers to make internal attributons
What is fundemental attribution error// (correspondense bias)
The tendency for observers to attribute other peoples behavior to internal or dispositional causes and downplay situational causes
What are heuristics?
Mental shortcuts that provide quick estimates about the likelihood of uncertain events
What are four common hueristics?
Representativeness, avaliability, stimulation, and anchoring and adjustment
What is a representativeness hueristic/?
The tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood, of an event by the extent to which it resembles the typical case
What is Avaliability Heuristic?
The tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood of an event by the ease with which relevant instances come to mind
What is a stimulation heurisitic?
The tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood of an event by bthe eae with which you ca imagine
What is anchoring and adjustment?
The tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood of an evemnt by using a starting point and then making adjustments up or down
What is confirmation bias?
The tendency tonnotice and search for information that confirms one’s beliefs to ignore information that disconfirms one’s beliefs.
What is Illusory correlation?
the tendency to overestimate the link between variables that are related only slightly or not at all
What is a one-shot illusory correlation?
An illusory correlation that occurs after exposure to only one unusual behavior preformed by only one member of an unfamiliar group
What is Base rate fallacy
The tendency to ignore or underuse base rate information and instead to be influenced byb the distinctive features of the case being judged
What is hot Hand?
The tendency for gamblers who get lucky to think they have a hot hand and their luck will continie
What is Gambler’s fallacy?
The tendency to believe that a particular chance event is affected bvy previous eventds and that chance events will “even out in the short run
What is Flase Concensus effect?
Te tendency to overestinayte the number of people who share one’s opinion attitudes values and beliefs
What is False Uniqueness effect?
The tendency to underestimate the nuber of other people who share one’s most prized charecteristics and abilities
What is theory perserverence?
Proposes that once the mind draws a conclusion it tends to stick with that cobclusion unless there is overwheing evidence to change it
What is ststistical regression
The statistical tendency for extreme scores or extreme behavior to be followed by others that are less extreme and closerb to average
What is illuion of control?
the false belief that one can influence certain events especially random or chance ones
What os counterfactual thinking?
Imaginin alternatives to past or present events or circumstabnces
What is first instinct fallacy?
The false belief that it is better not to change ones first answer on a testeven if one starts to think that a different answer is correct q
What are upward counterfactuals
Imagining alternatives that are better than reality
What are downward counterfactuals ?
Imagining alternative that are worse than reality
What is regret?
Invilves feelng sorry for one’s misfortune \s, limitations, losses, transgressions , sortcoings or mistakes
What is Debiasing?
reducing errors and biases by getting people to use deliberate processing rathye than automatic processing
What is meta cognition?
Reflecting on one’s own thought proccess
