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Sec 2 Science > Chap.16: Human Sexual Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chap.16: Human Sexual Reproductive System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A
  • Offspring is produced by fertillisation, by fusion of egg and sperm cell
  • Fertillised egg develops to an embryo
  • Genetic DNA is diff. from parent
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2
Q

Define heredity

A

The passing down of genetic material from one generation to the next during sexual reproduction

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3
Q

Define puberty

A

The body undergoes physical changes and matures sexually. Developing into an adult
Begins with hormone production

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4
Q

What are hormones?

A
  • Chemicals found in the body, small quantities in blood
  • Huge effect on organ system, controls and coordinate activities throughout the body, which triggers organ to function
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5
Q

Function of the testis

A
  • Produce sperm
  • Produces male sex hormones/testosterone, which controls sexual development in the body
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6
Q

Function of sperm duct

A

Carries sperm to urethra

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7
Q

Function of sex glands (male)

A

Provides nutrient fluid to nourish the sperm

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8
Q

Function of the urethra (male)

A
  • Allows sperm to pass through during ejaculation
  • Allows urine to be removed from the body
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9
Q

Function of penis (male)

A
  • Deposits semen, a white liquid made of nutrient fluid and sperm
  • Into vagina during ejaculation
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10
Q

Function of ovary (female)

A
  • Produces egg calls since birth
  • Releases mature egg once every 28 days after puberty
  • Produces female sex hormones which control sexual development of the body
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11
Q

Function of oviduct (female)

A
  • Tube where egg is released from
  • Fertillisation usually occurs there
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12
Q

Function of uterus (female)

A
  • Muscular organ where embryo develops into foetus during pregnancy
  • Strong contractions help push baby out of cervix
  • Has uterine lining which thickens to prepare for implantation, and breaks down when no ferterlliasation occurs
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13
Q

Function of cervix (female)

A
  • Opening of the uterus
  • Connects uterus to vagina
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14
Q

Function of vagina (female)

A
  • Where sperms are deposited
  • Known as birth canal as well
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15
Q

Define fertillisation

A

The fusion of female and male sex cells

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16
Q

What happens post-fertillisation?

A
  1. Fertillised egg turns to embryo
  2. Embryo travles down oviduct
  3. Implants on wall of uterus
  4. Develops into a foetus
17
Q

What happens during day 1-5 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Menstuation occurs, where unfertillised egg is expelled, and uterine lining breaks down and is removed from uterus through vagina

18
Q

What happens during day 6-9 of the mentrual cycle?

A

The Follicular stage
* Uterine lining thickens with many blood vessels formed
* Prepares uterus for implantation of embryo

19
Q

What happens during day 10-15 of the mentrual cycle?

A

Fertile period
* Ovulation occurs on day 14, where a mature egg is released from one ovary to the oviduct
* Women are most fertile and is most likely to get pregnant during this period

20
Q

What happens from day 18-28 of the menstual cycle?

A

Luteal stage
* Uterine lining continues to thicken
* If no fertillisation, egg cell will break down , uterine lining will be maintained till end of cycle, and it repeats
* If fertillisation occurs, a fertillised egg that is formed develops to an embryo which will move towards uterus, implants itself into uterine lining. Uterine lining is maintained throughout the whole way

21
Q

Purpose of spermicide

A
  • Cream that kills sperm in the vagina
  • May be used alone or with condoms or diaphragm
22
Q

What is a diaphragm? (birth control)

A
  • Dome-shaped plastic item
  • Placed in vagina to cover cervix
  • Prevents sperm from entering uterus
23
Q

What is a IUD (birth control)

A
  • Item containing copper
  • Inserted into uterus by doctor
  • Prevents fertillisation
  • Prevents implantation
  • Lasts 3 to 10 years
24
Q

What is tubal ligation?

A
  • Oviducts are surgically cut and tied
  • Mature eggs cannot reach oviducts to be fertillised
25
Q

What is vasectomy?

A
  • Sperm ducts are sugically cut and tied
  • During ejaculation, semen does not contain sperm
  • Any sperm produced will be broken down in the testes
26
Q

How can STIs be transmitted?

A
  1. Sexual intercourse
  2. Blood transfusions
  3. Sharing of unsterillised or contaminated needles
  4. From a mother to infant during child birth or breastfeeding
27
Q

What are the different types of STIs?

A

Bacterial:
* Syphilis
* Gonorrhoea
Antibiotics can be used for treatment

Viral:
* Human Immunodeficiancy Virus (HIV)
No antibiotics can be used for virus

Sec 2 Science (15 decks)

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