Chap.15: Transport systems in living things

Question 1

Define diffusion

Answer 1

The net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, in the presence or absense of a partially permeable membrane

Question 2

Define osmosis

Answer 2

The net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential (concentration of water particles) to a region of lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane

Question 3

Which sides of the heart is high in oxygen?

Answer 3

Left side-> high in oxygen (can be told from the thicker walls)

Question 4

Function of blood

Answer 4

1. Transport materials (eg. glucose, amino acids) around the body
2. Protect us against diseases

Question 5

Characteristics of red blood cells

Answer 5

• No nucleus
• Contains haemoglobin, bright red when with oxygen
• Biconcave shape to increase volume to surface area ratio

Question 6

What is the function and structure of an artery?

Answer 6

Fuction: Carry blood away from the heart
Structure: Arteries have thick, muscular and elastic walls

Question 7

What is the function of a vein?

Answer 7

Function: Carry blood to the heart
Veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood

Question 8

What is the function and structure of an capillary?

Answer 8

Function: Carry substances to and from cells, site of exchange of substances
Structure: Walls are made up of a single layer of flattened cells (one cell thick) so there is a large surace area.

Question 9

Functions and structure of the xylem

Answer 9

Function: Transports water and dissolved mineral salts from the roots to the stem and leaves; provides mechnical support for the plant
Structure: Many dead cells fused together at the ends to form a long hollow tube
Contains lignin (woody substance) to strengthen hollow strucuture

Question 10

Functions of the phloem

Answer 10

Translocation : Transports manufactured food (Sucrose etc) from the leaves the the rest of the plant