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Sec 2 Science > Chap.11: Chemical Changes > Flashcards

Chap.11: Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a physical change?

A

A change in which no new substance is formed

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2
Q

Ways to tell if there is a chemical change

A
  1. Change in colour
  2. Change in temperature
  3. Production of gas
  4. Production of solid
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3
Q

What are the different chemical changes

A
  1. Combustion
  2. Thermal decomposition (TD)
  3. Oxidation
  4. Neutralisation
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4
Q

Describe combustion

A

Substance is heated in presence of oxygen
Heat and light usually formed

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5
Q

Describe TD

A

Substance breaks down breaks down into two or more simpler substances in heat

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6
Q

Define acid

A

An acid is a substance that dissolves and dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions (Hplus ion) and the corresponding negative ion

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7
Q

Define base

A

A base is a substance that reacts with an acid to produce salt and water only. Bases are usually metal oxides or hydroxides

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8
Q

Define alkali

A

Akali is a base that dissolves and dissociates in water to produce hydroxide (OH-)ions and the corresponding positive ion

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9
Q

How to determine the acidity/akalinity of a solution?

A
  1. Use of pH scale- 0 (Acidic)–14 (akaline)
  2. Litmus paper (blue to red=Acidic)
  3. Universal indicator- provides approximate pH values
  4. pH meter- Obtains most accurate value
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10
Q

What are the different reactions of acids?

A
  1. Acid with akali
  2. Acid with metals
  3. Acid with carbonates
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11
Q

What happens during an acid and akali reaction?

A
  • Neutralisation reaction
  • Produces salt and water
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12
Q

What happens during an acid and metal reaction?

A
  • Acids can react with a reactive metal to form salt and hydrogen gas (Cu,Ag,Au are non reactive)
  • Use of lighted splint test (for hydrogen gas)
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13
Q

What happens during an acid and carbonate reaction?

A
  • Forms salt, CO2 and water
  • Use of limewater test (for carbon dioxide gas)
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14
Q

What are the two formulas for compounds?

A
  1. Ionic (Metal+non-metal)
  2. Covalent (non-metal+non_metal)
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15
Q

Covalent compounds special characteristic is?

A

It usually has a prefix to indicate the number of atoms present in the molecule (eg. mono, di, tri, tetra, pentra, hexa)

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16
Q

Where are cations/anion with charge 3+/3- and below found?

A

Cations: Groups 1(+), 2(2+), 3(3+)
Anions: Grps 15 (3-), 16 (2-), 17 (-)

17
Q

How to get charges of transition metals?

A

Roman numerals on name indicate charge. It will be an cation as it is a metal (+)

18
Q

Polyatomic ions (MEMORISE)

A
  • Ammonium-> NH4 +
  • Hydroxide-> OH -
  • Nitrate-> NO3 -
  • Sulfate-> SO4 2-
  • Carbonate-> CO3 2-
19
Q

What is the law and conservation of mass

A

During a chemical reaction, atoms are neither created or destroyed

Therefore, total number of atoms and after the chemical reaction is balanced (same number or products and reactants)

20
Q

Chemical formula of Hydrogen

A

H+

21
Q

Chemical formula of sliver ion

A

Ag +

22
Q

Chemical formula of Zinc ion

A

Zn 2+

23
Q

Chemical formula of Ammonium ion

A

NH4 +

24
Q

Chemical formula of Hydride ion

A

H -

25
Q

Chemical formula of Hydroxide ion

A

OH -

26
Q

Chemical formula of Nitrate

A

NO3 -

27
Q

Chemical formula of Carbonate ion

A

CO3 2-

28
Q

Chemical formula of sulfate ion

A

SO4 2-

29
Q

What are the prefixes or covalent molecules

A

Number of atoms-
1- Mono
2- Di
3- Tri
4- Tetra
5- Pentra
6- Hexa

30
Q

Chemical formula of Nitric acid

A

HNO3

31
Q

Chemical formula of Hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

32
Q

Chemical formula of sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

33
Q

Chemical formula of ammonia

A

NH3

Sec 2 Science (15 decks)

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