Chap 8

Question 1

bones

Answer 1

primary organs of the skeletal system. Form the rigid framework of the body and perform other functions

Question 2

compact bone

Answer 2

dense/cortical” bone; relatively dense connective bone tissue that appears white, smooth, and solid. makes up about 80% of the total bone mass.

Question 3

spongy bone

Answer 3

“cancellous/trabecular” bone; located internal to compact bone, appears porous, and makes up about 20% of the total bone mass.

Question 4

cartilage

Answer 4

semirigid connective tissue that is more flexible than bone (hyaline pictured)

Question 5

ligament

Answer 5

dense regular CT that anchors bone to bone

Question 6

tendon

Answer 6

dense regular CT that connects muscle to bone

Question 7

bone function

Answer 7

• support and protection
• movement
• hemopoiesis
• storage of mineral and energy reserves

Question 8

hemopoiesis

Answer 8

the process of blood cell production. It occurs in red bone marrow CT that contains stem cells that form blood cells and platelets.

Question 9

long bones

Answer 9

greater in length than in width. the most common bone shape but they vary in size. only bone to contain a medullary cavity

Question 10

short bones

Answer 10

have a length nearly equal to their width. sesamoid bones fall into this category.

Question 11

flat bones

Answer 11

have flat, thin surfaces that may be slightly curved. They provide extensive surfaces for muscle attachment and protect underlying soft tissues.

Question 12

irregular bones

Answer 12

have elaborate, sometimes complex shapes and do not fit into any of the other categories.

Question 13

diaphysis

Answer 13

the shaft of a long bone. elongated and typically cylindrical; provides for the leverage and major weight support of a long bone.

Question 14

medullary cavity

Answer 14

hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis. in children, it contains red bone marrow which is later replaced by yellow bone marrow in adults.

Question 15

epiphysis

Answer 15

expanded knobby region that is at each end of a long bone. composed of an outer thin layer of compact bone and an inner region of spongy bone.

Question 16

articular cartilage

Answer 16

covers the joint surface of an epiphysis; a thin layer of hyaline cartilage. helps to reduce friction and absorb shock in moveable joints

Question 17

metaphysis

Answer 17

region in a mature bone sandwiched between the diaphysis and epiphysis; contains the epiphyseal plate in a growing bone

Question 18

epiphyseal plate

Answer 18

growth plate; thin layer of hyaline cartilage that provides for the continued lengthwise growth of the bone

Question 19

epiphyseal line

Answer 19

remnant of the epiphyseal plate in adults; a thin, defined area of compact bone

Question 20

periosteum

Answer 20

a tough sheath that covers the outer surface of the bone except for the areas covered by articular cartilage. anchored to the bone by numerous collagen fibers called “perforating” or “Sharpey’s” fibers.

contains dense CT, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteoprogenitor cells