Ch 5 pt 3

Question 1

Holocrine glands

Answer 1

Formed from cells that accumulate product
Cell disintegrates

Thick mixture of cell fragments and cell product
Ruptured cells replaced
Example: Oil-producing glands in the skin

Question 2

Connective Tissue: Cells in a supportive Matrix

Answer 2

Most diverse, abundant, and widely distributed of tissues
Supports, protects, and binds organs
Cells, protein fibers, and ground substance

Question 3

Fibroblasts:

Answer 3

Produce fibers and ground substance
Most abundant resident cells in CT proper

Question 4

Adipocytes:

Answer 4

fat cells, filled with triglycerides

Question 5

Mesenchymal cells

Answer 5

Divides to replace damaged cells

Question 6

Macrophages

Answer 6

phagocytic cells in immune system

Question 7

Mast cells

Answer 7

Secrete heparin to inhibit blood clotting and histamine to dilate blood vessels

Question 8

Plasma cells:

Answer 8

Produce antibodies
(to immobilize foreign material)

Question 9

Protein fibers

Answer 9

strengthen and support tissue.

Question 10

Collagen fibers

Answer 10

Unbranched, “cable-like” long fibers
Strong, flexible, and resistant to stretching

Question 11

Reticular fibers

Answer 11

Similar to collagen fibers but thinner
Form branching, interwoven framework

Question 12

Elastic fibers

Answer 12

Branching wavy fibers stretch and recoil easily
Help structures return to normal shape after stretching

Question 13

Noncellular material produced by CT cells
Filler around cells and protein fibers
Consistency varies:
Viscous, semisolid, Solid
Ground substance + protein fibers = extracellular matrix

Answer 13

Ground Substance of connective tissue

Question 14

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Answer 14

Attract cations, water follows
Eg. Chondroitin sulfate, Hyaluronic acid

Question 15

Proteoglycans

Answer 15

Formed with GAG linked to a protein

Question 16

Adherent glycoproteins

Answer 16

Proteins with carbohydrates attached
Attaches CT cells and fibers to ground substance

Question 17

Physical protection

Answer 17

Bones encase organs, Adipose cushions kidneys and eyes

Question 18

Support and structural framework

Answer 18

Bones and cartilage

Question 19

Binding of structures

Answer 19

Ligaments bind bone to bone; Tendons bind muscle to bone

Question 20

Storage

Answer 20

Adipose CT is the major energy reserve
Bone, primary reservoir for calcium and phosphorus

Question 21

Transport

Answer 21

Blood carries molecules and ions between regions of body

Question 22

Mesenchyme differentiates into adult connective tissues
CT proper

Answer 22

Subdivided into loose or dense
Supporting CT
Fluid CT

Question 23

Loose CT proper

Answer 23

Fewer cells and protein fibers
Protein fibers are sparse and irregularly arranged
Lots o’ ground substance
Three types
Areolar 2. Adipose 3. Reticular

Question 24

Dense CT proper

Answer 24

Mostly protein fibers (collagen)
Less ground substance than loose CT
Three types
Dense regular 2. Dense irregular 3. Elastic