Chap 4 Pt 6

Question 1

tRNA transfers the Amino Acids specified by each mRNA codon

Answer 1

20 amino acids
64 possible 3-letter codons
Therefore, some repetition!

Question 2

tRNA transfers the Amino Acids specified by each mRNA codon

Answer 2

tRNA anticodons match with mRNA codons (base pairing rules) to deliver appropriate amino acid to the ribosome and peptide chain

Question 3

Translation

Answer 3

Language of nucleic acids (nucleotide “alphabet”) is translated into the language of proteins (amino acid “alphabet”)

Question 4

Cell division

Answer 4

One cell divides to produce two cells
Necessary for development, tissue growth, replacement of old cells, tissue repair

Question 5

Mitosis

Answer 5

Cell division of somatic cells (all cells other than sex cells

Question 6

Meiosis

Answer 6

Cell division in sex cells (give rise to sperm or oocytes)

Question 7

Cell cycle

Answer 7

depicts steps in replication of replicating somatic cells (many mature cells don’t divide

Question 8

When mitosis happens

Answer 8

Divides into two identical cells called “daughter cells”
Two major phases in cell cycle

Question 9

Interphase

Answer 9

Lasts approximately 23 hours

Question 10

Mitotic (M) phase

Answer 10

Lasts about 1 hour

Question 11

Interphase

Answer 11

Time the cell prepares for division
DNA in loosely coiled chromatin
Three phases
G1: Gap 1
Growth and production of new organelles
Preparation for S phase
S: Synthesis
Replication of DNA
G2: Gap 2
Preparation for mitosis

Question 12

S phase

Answer 12

of Interphase (Synthesis)
DNA replicated (46 double helix strands)

Question 13

S phase (2)

Answer 13

Requires DNA nucleotides and DNA polymerase
Occurs within nucleus

Question 14

M phase (mitotic phase)

Answer 14

After interphase

Question 15

Mitosis

Answer 15

division of nucleus
Four consecutive phases of mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 16

Cytokinesis

Answer 16

division of cytoplasm between 2 new cells
May overlap with anaphase and telophase

Question 17

Cleavage furrow

Answer 17

Ring of microfilament proteins at cell periphery. pinches cytoplasm between two new cells

Question 18

Prophase

Answer 18

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes linked at centromere
Nucleolus broken down
Centriole pairs move to opposite poles
spindle fibers grow from centrioles

Question 19

Metaphase

Answer 19

Chromosomes aligned on equatorial plate of cell
Spindle fibers attach at centromere of each chromosome

Question 20

Anaphase

Answer 20

Microtubules move sister chromatids apart toward centrioles at opposite poles
Each chromatid now a chromosome with its own centromere

Question 21

Telophase

Answer 21

Chromosomes arrive at each pole and uncoil

Formation of new envelope and nucleolus

End of nuclear division