Chap. 7 Flashcards
1
Q
the importance of community
A
- segregation creates distance and discrimination
2
Q
some challenges of low and high SES contexts
A
- low = poverty, less belonging/ resources/ feeling/ money/ community feeling (cause of constant moving)
- high = competition for social status
3
Q
sports and other extracurrixular activites
A
sports is the most pop for teens
- doesn’t benefit all teens
- emphasis on winning can be damaging
- move to change “win at all cost” culture
- can have too much aggression and competition
- parents can get too involved
4
Q
how to prevent burnout among young athletes
A
- ‘sample before you specialize’ (try them all, higher achievement related to specializing later)
- ‘play before you practice’ (allow youth to make decisions after playing in a low competiton sport)
5
Q
adolescents and leisure
A
- canadian teens have among the highest load of school, work, and homework compared to teens in other countries
- ~6.5 hrs of free time/day
- teens report being in a better mood during leusure activities than during school or work
- it is difficult to study ado’s moods (emotions change throughout the day)(mood at one point may not relect the mood at other times)
6
Q
the experience sampling method
A
- method of collecting data about ado’s emotional states, in which individuals are signaled and asked to report on their mood and activity
- ados moods are most +’ve when with friends, least +’ve when alone
- they report moderare levels of concentration in school, very low levels of motivation or interest
7
Q
flow experience
A
- the experience of high levels of both concentration and interest at the same time
- +’ve combination of high motivation, concentration, and engagement are most common when involved in sports or some art
8
Q
structured leisure activities
A
- 2/3 of north american hs students participate in 1 or more extracurricular activities
- the most pop extracurricular activity in the north america is athletics
- most pop activities (music, academic, or occupational)
- extracurricular participation is more common among ados from more affluent families, among students who earn better grades, and among students from smaller schools and smaller, more rural communities
- extracurricular participation is stable over time
9
Q
the impact of extracurricular participation on development
A
- it improves students’ performace in school, increases the odds of postsecondary enrollment, and reduces the likelihood of dropping out
- it deters delinquency, drug use, and other types of risk taking
- it enhances students’ psyo well-being and social status
- there is no empirical support for idea that extracurricular over scheduling has -‘ve effect
- 1 exception is involvement in team sports, which is associated with many psyo benefits, but also with increased alcohol use and delinquency
- extracurricular participation has benefits well after hs
10
Q
reasons for the +’ve impact of extracurricular participation
A
- increased contact with teachers and other school personnel who may reinforce the value of school
- increased contact with peer who influence them in beneficial ways
- increased binding between students and school
11
Q
-‘ve outcomes from certian sports
A
- involvement in problem behaviour, fighting, delinquency
- more antisocial behaviour
- injuries
- increases anxiety and tension due to highly competitive atmosphere
12
Q
unstructured leisure time
A
- routine activity theory
- unstructured, unsupervised time with peers leads ti depression, delinquency, drug and alcohol use, violence, and precocious sexual activity
- ado who spend 5 or more evenings out in an average week are at least 4x more likely to be involved in antisocial activity then those who go out less than 2x a week
13
Q
routine activity theory
A
- a persepctive on ado that views unstructured, unsupervised time with peers as a main cause of misbehaviour
14
Q
time after school
A
- psyos differ on whether unsupervised kids benefit from being on their own
- studies have shown that self-care kids have their peers do not differ in psyo development, school achievement, or self-conceptions
- self-care kids may be more socially isolated, more depressed, more likely to have problems ar school, be sexually active at younger ages, engage in other problem behaviour, and use more drugs and alcohol
- it is important to keep in mind that there are sig. differences within self-care populations
15
Q
what is culture?
A
- shared norms, beliefs, attiudes, values, behaviours
- can be based on several dimensions (ethnicity/country/geography, religious/secular values, entrenched in government/politics)
- transmitted from 1 generation to another
- individuals differ in degree of adherence (tight v. loose cultures)
16
Q
ethnocentrism
A
- interpreting world from own culture’s viewpoint
17
Q
differences between canadian and chinese children
A
- shyness and modesty valued among chinese children
- same qualities can be seen as problematic in canadian kids, where values of extraversion and individualism are more common
18
Q
cross culture research
A
- aim to better understand what aspects of psyo are universal v. culturally determined
19
Q
caution interpreting cross-culture studies
A
- same meaning?
- tendency to conclude “better than” rather than “different”
