Chap. 5 Flashcards
1
Q
peer groups
A
- groups of individuals of approximately the same age
- educators developed the idea of free education with grades based on ages
- peer groups affecting friendship formed in school wasn’t there until the 20th century
2
Q
age grading
A
the process of grouping individuals within social institutions on the basis of age
3
Q
peer groups and less industrialized societies
kinship-based
A
- expected adult behaviour depends on fam
- it is not possible to educate or socialize all young people in 1 large group
- socialization of ado is best accomplished in fam groups
4
Q
peer groups and modern society
A
- all individuals expected to learn the same set of norms
- rules governing behaviour apply equally to all members of the community
- socialization of ado is not limited to the fam
- society has universal norms for any activities
- need for universal school-based education creates age-segregated peer groups
5
Q
margaret mead
A
- the best way to socialize ado for adulthood depends on society changing
- postfigurative cultures
- cofigurative cultures
- prefigurative cultures
- prefigurative will take over cofigurative culture
6
Q
postfigurative cultures
A
cultures in which socialization of young people is done primarily by adults
7
Q
cofigurative cultures
A
cultures in which young people are socialized both by adults and by each other
8
Q
prefigurative cultures
A
culture in which society is changing so quick, that adults are socialized by young people
9
Q
what ways do peer groups change
A
- a sharp increase during ado in the amount of time individuals spend with peers
- it functions more often without adult supervision than they do during childhood
- during ado, more contact with peer is between males and females
- kids peer relationships are limited mainly to small groups
- ados spend more time with larger collectives of peers
10
Q
what causes peer groups to change?
A
- puberty stimulates romantic interest which causes distance from the parents
- cog. changes of ado permit a more sophisticated understanding of social relationships
- changes in social definition may stimulate changes in peer relations as a sort of adaptive response
11
Q
cliques
A
- small, close-knit group of freinds, generally of the same age, sex, and social status
- gives ado a social context
12
Q
clique members
A
- individuals who have most of their interactions with the same small group of people
- girls are more likely members
- fewer than 1/2 adolescents were members during the research study
13
Q
liaisons
A
- people who interact with two or more cliques, but they are not part of one
14
Q
isolates
A
- people who have a few or no links to people in the network
- these are more than likely boys
15
Q
crowds
A
- a social category for which membership is based largely on observed char, reputation, and stereotypes
- ie. Jocks, popular, brain, normal, goths
- more based on repuation and stereotypes than on friendship or social interaction
- changing crowd members is tough
- will contribute to the ado’s sense of identity and selg conception than to thier actual development
16
Q
romance changes and peer groups
A
- eraly ado = activities are with the same sex cliques
- then boy and girl cliques come together
- middle ado = mix sex and age cliques
- late = peer crowds begin to disintegrate
- couple split off from larger groups
- the change in ado are parallel to the development of intimacy
17
Q
changes in crowds
A
- ados become more consciously aware of the crowd structure of their school and their place in it
- crowd structure becomes more differentiated and less hierarchical which gives them more freedom to change crowds
18
Q
the waxing and waning of crowds
A
- 9th grade, universal agreement about the school’s crowd structure (influence is very high)
- this decline between grade 9 and 12
- decline = as peer pressure goes down the developmental changes goes up, they get a strong sense of identity, and being part of a crowd is stifling
