Chap. 2 Flashcards
what is puberty?
- when someone gets the ability to reproduce
- horomones are regulated by the endocrine system
- 2nd sex traits
- no new hormones
- takes around 5-6 yrs
the endocrine system
it produces, circulates, and regulates hormone levels
- hormones (excreated by endocrine glands)
- glans (stims certian body pts. to react a certain way)
- gonadotropin relasing hormone (nuerons in the brain)
- hormonal feedback loop
- set point
- adrenarche
what is adrenarche
the maturation of adrenal gland that takes place during ado
hormone feedback loop
HPG axis
- hypothalamus
- pituitary
- gonads
- androgens/estrogens
- back to hypo or 2nd sex char
what triggers puberty
stimulated by certain chem, or other factors:
- kisspeptin
- leptin
- melatonin
- genes
- fat (girls = 100 lbs)
- enviromental factors
there are 2 roles
how do hormones influence ado development
organize role:
- prenatal hormone “program” the brain to be masculine or feminine (which you may not see until puberty)
activating role:
- increase in certain hormones at puberty creates physical change
Somatic development
physical
- takes around 4 yrs for 2nd sex char
- grows about 10 inches taller, matures sexually, and developes an adult body
- brain changes in size, structure, and function
ado growth spurt and peak height velocity
ags: rapid physical development that lasts for a few yrs (girls = 10-16, boys = 12-18)
phv: grows the most rapidly (girls = 12, boys = 14)
- boys = 4”/yr, girls = 2.5”/ys
- clumsy cause of unbalanced proportions
tanner stages
- describes the 5 stages of pubertal development
- shows the doc what stage the kid is on for puberty based on observable char
tanner stage: boys
- growth of testies
- growth spurt
- thickening of penis
- facial hair
- masturbation
- sweat glands
- skin changes
tanner stage: girls
- breast buds
- pubic hair
- breast development
- nipples and areola enlarge
- pubic hair thickens
- menarche (the first period of regular ovulation)
gender dysphoria
2nd sex char doesn’t aling with sex at birth
- 10-27% will have it in ado and get an intervention
puberty blockers
GnRH are given to youth to stop puberty
+‘ve:
- relieve gender dysphoria
- buy time to make decisions
- to let them pass as the wanted gender
-‘ve:
- setting an age limit
- potenital long term effect
timing and tempo
- inheritated
- upper and lower age limit
- earlier = more nourished
- delayed = lack protien/calories, chronic illness, ecessive exercise
familiar influence
mainly for girls
- fatherless households
- conflict household
- sexual abuse
- tension and stress within the fam
- stepfather that exposes pheromones that stimulate oubertal maturation
the secular trend
the trend over the last 2 centuries that show the correlation between weight and purberty age
- less known for males
- obesity and artificial light has an effect as well
puberty and sleep pattern
why and the effect
go to bed late and sleep in
- delayed phase preferance
- implications for school day timing
- melatonin shifts later
- internet, TV, electronic media, homework
effect:
- weight issues
- depression and anxiety
- low self esteem
- fearful/emotional instability
puberty and fam relaionship
- distance with ado kid and adult
- not seen in minority fam
- could because of: hormones, physical apperance, psyo function
pros v. cons of the timing maturation
Boys
pro:
- popularity
- better self esteem
- more initation
con:
- more drug/alc use
- greater impact of being bullied
- elevated rates of depression/anxiety
- more intense temper tantrums
pros v. cons for early maturation
girls
pro:
- popularity
con:
- poor self image
- higher rate of depression, eating disorder, panic attacks
- victim of gossip and sexual hatassment
theories of pubertal timing
3
- deviance hypo (-‘ve effect from peers)
- stage termination hypo (no accomplish tasks of childhood)
- adult resemblance (treated like an adult)
weight gain
and basal metabolism rate
bmr: the min amount of energy use when resting
- it drops ~15%
- weight gain is normal, but will be concerned about it
effects of puberty on body image
media, culture, perception
- phsysical change on the perception of the body
- cultural standards will be linked to how you view your body
- unrealistic media images
- media effects boys and girls different (girls = less satisfied, boys = more)
other health issues
- body mass doubles during puberty
- teens need more calories
- canadians have an unhealthy eating habit (skip breakfest and eat out with friends)
- canadians have an elevated obesity rate
- physical activity has dropped
