Chap. 2

Question 1

what is puberty?

Answer 1

• when someone gets the ability to reproduce
• horomones are regulated by the endocrine system
• 2nd sex traits
• no new hormones
• takes around 5-6 yrs

Question 2

the endocrine system

Answer 2

it produces, circulates, and regulates hormone levels
- hormones (excreated by endocrine glands)
- glans (stims certian body pts. to react a certain way)
- gonadotropin relasing hormone (nuerons in the brain)
- hormonal feedback loop
- set point
- adrenarche

Question 3

what is adrenarche

Answer 3

the maturation of adrenal gland that takes place during ado

Question 4

hormone feedback loop

HPG axis

Answer 4

1. hypothalamus
2. pituitary
3. gonads
4. androgens/estrogens
5. back to hypo or 2nd sex char

Question 5

what triggers puberty

Answer 5

stimulated by certain chem, or other factors:
- kisspeptin
- leptin
- melatonin
- genes
- fat (girls = 100 lbs)
- enviromental factors

Question 6

there are 2 roles

how do hormones influence ado development

Answer 6

organize role:
- prenatal hormone “program” the brain to be masculine or feminine (which you may not see until puberty)
activating role:
- increase in certain hormones at puberty creates physical change

Question 7

Somatic development

physical

Answer 7

• takes around 4 yrs for 2nd sex char
• grows about 10 inches taller, matures sexually, and developes an adult body
• brain changes in size, structure, and function

Question 8

ado growth spurt and peak height velocity

Answer 8

ags: rapid physical development that lasts for a few yrs (girls = 10-16, boys = 12-18)
phv: grows the most rapidly (girls = 12, boys = 14)
- boys = 4”/yr, girls = 2.5”/ys
- clumsy cause of unbalanced proportions

Question 9

tanner stages

Answer 9

• describes the 5 stages of pubertal development
• shows the doc what stage the kid is on for puberty based on observable char

Question 10

tanner stage: boys

Answer 10

1. growth of testies
2. growth spurt
3. thickening of penis
4. facial hair
5. masturbation
6. sweat glands
7. skin changes

Question 11

tanner stage: girls

Answer 11

1. breast buds
2. pubic hair
3. breast development
4. nipples and areola enlarge
5. pubic hair thickens
6. menarche (the first period of regular ovulation)

Question 12

gender dysphoria

Answer 12

2nd sex char doesn’t aling with sex at birth
- 10-27% will have it in ado and get an intervention

Question 13

puberty blockers

Answer 13

GnRH are given to youth to stop puberty
+‘ve:
- relieve gender dysphoria
- buy time to make decisions
- to let them pass as the wanted gender
-‘ve:
- setting an age limit
- potenital long term effect

Question 14

timing and tempo

Answer 14

• inheritated
• upper and lower age limit
• earlier = more nourished
• delayed = lack protien/calories, chronic illness, ecessive exercise

Question 15

familiar influence

mainly for girls

Answer 15

• fatherless households
• conflict household
• sexual abuse
• tension and stress within the fam
• stepfather that exposes pheromones that stimulate oubertal maturation

Question 16

the secular trend

Answer 16

the trend over the last 2 centuries that show the correlation between weight and purberty age
- less known for males
- obesity and artificial light has an effect as well

Question 17

puberty and sleep pattern

why and the effect

Answer 17

go to bed late and sleep in
- delayed phase preferance
- implications for school day timing
- melatonin shifts later
- internet, TV, electronic media, homework
effect:
- weight issues
- depression and anxiety
- low self esteem
- fearful/emotional instability

Question 18

puberty and fam relaionship

Answer 18

• distance with ado kid and adult
• not seen in minority fam
• could because of: hormones, physical apperance, psyo function

Question 19

pros v. cons of the timing maturation

Boys

Answer 19

pro:
- popularity
- better self esteem
- more initation
con:
- more drug/alc use
- greater impact of being bullied
- elevated rates of depression/anxiety
- more intense temper tantrums

Question 20

pros v. cons for early maturation

girls

Answer 20

pro:
- popularity
con:
- poor self image
- higher rate of depression, eating disorder, panic attacks
- victim of gossip and sexual hatassment

Question 21

theories of pubertal timing

3

Answer 21

1. deviance hypo (-‘ve effect from peers)
2. stage termination hypo (no accomplish tasks of childhood)
3. adult resemblance (treated like an adult)

Question 22

weight gain

and basal metabolism rate

Answer 22

bmr: the min amount of energy use when resting
- it drops ~15%
- weight gain is normal, but will be concerned about it

Question 23

effects of puberty on body image

media, culture, perception

Answer 23

• phsysical change on the perception of the body
• cultural standards will be linked to how you view your body
• unrealistic media images
• media effects boys and girls different (girls = less satisfied, boys = more)

Question 24

other health issues

Answer 24

• body mass doubles during puberty
• teens need more calories
• canadians have an unhealthy eating habit (skip breakfest and eat out with friends)
• canadians have an elevated obesity rate
• physical activity has dropped