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PSYO 322 > Chap. 2 > Flashcards

Chap. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is puberty?

A
  • when someone gets the ability to reproduce
  • horomones are regulated by the endocrine system
  • 2nd sex traits
  • no new hormones
  • takes around 5-6 yrs
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2
Q

the endocrine system

A

it produces, circulates, and regulates hormone levels
- hormones (excreated by endocrine glands)
- glans (stims certian body pts. to react a certain way)
- gonadotropin relasing hormone (nuerons in the brain)
- hormonal feedback loop
- set point
- adrenarche

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3
Q

what is adrenarche

A

the maturation of adrenal gland that takes place during ado

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4
Q

hormone feedback loop

HPG axis

A
  1. hypothalamus
  2. pituitary
  3. gonads
  4. androgens/estrogens
  5. back to hypo or 2nd sex char
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5
Q

what triggers puberty

A

stimulated by certain chem, or other factors:
- kisspeptin
- leptin
- melatonin
- genes
- fat (girls = 100 lbs)
- enviromental factors

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6
Q

there are 2 roles

how do hormones influence ado development

A

organize role:
- prenatal hormone “program” the brain to be masculine or feminine (which you may not see until puberty)
activating role:
- increase in certain hormones at puberty creates physical change

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7
Q

Somatic development

physical

A
  • takes around 4 yrs for 2nd sex char
  • grows about 10 inches taller, matures sexually, and developes an adult body
  • brain changes in size, structure, and function
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8
Q

ado growth spurt and peak height velocity

A

ags: rapid physical development that lasts for a few yrs (girls = 10-16, boys = 12-18)
phv: grows the most rapidly (girls = 12, boys = 14)
- boys = 4”/yr, girls = 2.5”/ys
- clumsy cause of unbalanced proportions

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9
Q

tanner stages

A
  • describes the 5 stages of pubertal development
  • shows the doc what stage the kid is on for puberty based on observable char
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10
Q

tanner stage: boys

A
  1. growth of testies
  2. growth spurt
  3. thickening of penis
  4. facial hair
  5. masturbation
  6. sweat glands
  7. skin changes
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11
Q

tanner stage: girls

A
  1. breast buds
  2. pubic hair
  3. breast development
  4. nipples and areola enlarge
  5. pubic hair thickens
  6. menarche (the first period of regular ovulation)
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12
Q

gender dysphoria

A

2nd sex char doesn’t aling with sex at birth
- 10-27% will have it in ado and get an intervention

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13
Q

puberty blockers

A

GnRH are given to youth to stop puberty
+‘ve:
- relieve gender dysphoria
- buy time to make decisions
- to let them pass as the wanted gender
-‘ve:
- setting an age limit
- potenital long term effect

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14
Q

timing and tempo

A
  • inheritated
  • upper and lower age limit
  • earlier = more nourished
  • delayed = lack protien/calories, chronic illness, ecessive exercise
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15
Q

familiar influence

mainly for girls

A
  • fatherless households
  • conflict household
  • sexual abuse
  • tension and stress within the fam
  • stepfather that exposes pheromones that stimulate oubertal maturation
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16
Q

the secular trend

A

the trend over the last 2 centuries that show the correlation between weight and purberty age
- less known for males
- obesity and artificial light has an effect as well

17
Q

puberty and sleep pattern

why and the effect

A

go to bed late and sleep in
- delayed phase preferance
- implications for school day timing
- melatonin shifts later
- internet, TV, electronic media, homework
effect:
- weight issues
- depression and anxiety
- low self esteem
- fearful/emotional instability

18
Q

puberty and fam relaionship

A
  • distance with ado kid and adult
  • not seen in minority fam
  • could because of: hormones, physical apperance, psyo function
19
Q

pros v. cons of the timing maturation

Boys

A

pro:
- popularity
- better self esteem
- more initation
con:
- more drug/alc use
- greater impact of being bullied
- elevated rates of depression/anxiety
- more intense temper tantrums

20
Q

pros v. cons for early maturation

girls

A

pro:
- popularity
con:
- poor self image
- higher rate of depression, eating disorder, panic attacks
- victim of gossip and sexual hatassment

21
Q

theories of pubertal timing

3

A
  1. deviance hypo (-‘ve effect from peers)
  2. stage termination hypo (no accomplish tasks of childhood)
  3. adult resemblance (treated like an adult)
22
Q

weight gain

and basal metabolism rate

A

bmr: the min amount of energy use when resting
- it drops ~15%
- weight gain is normal, but will be concerned about it

23
Q

effects of puberty on body image

media, culture, perception

A
  • phsysical change on the perception of the body
  • cultural standards will be linked to how you view your body
  • unrealistic media images
  • media effects boys and girls different (girls = less satisfied, boys = more)
24
Q

other health issues

A
  • body mass doubles during puberty
  • teens need more calories
  • canadians have an unhealthy eating habit (skip breakfest and eat out with friends)
  • canadians have an elevated obesity rate
  • physical activity has dropped
25
Q
A

PSYO 322 (8 decks)

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