CHAP 5 Flashcards
acetabulum
The pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits the hip joint
acromioclavicular joint
the joint where the acromion and clavicle meet
acromion process
the highest portion of the shoulder
alveoli
microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place
anterior
the front of the body or body part
aorta
the largest artery in the body. It transport blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation
appendix
The small tube located near the junction of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant
arteriole
the smallest kind of artery
artery
any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart
atria
the two upper chambers of the heart
right atrium
receives unoxygenated blood returning from the body
left atrium
receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs
automaticity
the ability of the heart to generate and conduct on its own
autonomic nervous system
the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions
bilateral
on both sides
bladder
organ of the renal system; resivoir for urine
bronchi
The two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs
calcanues
the heel bone
capillary
a thin-walled microscopic blood vessel where the oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrients waste exchange with bodes cells take place
cardiac conduction system
a system of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat
cardiac muscles
specialized involuntary muscles found only in the heart
cardiovascular system
the system made up of the heart and the blood vessels. Sometimes called circulatory system
central nervous system CNS
the brain and spinal cord
coronary arteries
blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart
cricoid cartilage
the ring shaped cartilage lower portion of larynx
dermis
the inner (second) layer of skin, rich in blood, vessels and nerves, found beneath the epidermis.
diastolic blood pressure
the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling
distal
farther away from the torso
endocrine system
system of glands that hormones that help regulate many body activities and functions
epiglottis
the leaf shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea
epinephrine
a hormone produced by the body, medicine it dilates the respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions
hypoperfusion
inadequate perfusion, caused by insufficient flow of blood through the capillaries SHOCK
ilium
the superior widest portion of the pelvis
inferior
away from the head
inhalation
an active process in which the rib cage and the diaphragm contact, expanding the chest cavity and causing air flow into the lung
insulin
and hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as medication by diabetic patines
involuntary muscles
muscles that respond automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled
ischium
the lower, posterior portion of the pelvis
joint
the point where two bones come together
kidneys
organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regulate fluid levels in the body
large intestine
the muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestines and moves anything not absorbed by the body
larynx
the voice box
lateral
to the side, away from the midline
ligament
tissues that connect bone to bone
liver
the largest organ of the body, which produces bile to break down fats
lungs
the organ where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place
malleolus
protrusion on the side of the ankle; ankle bone
mandible
the lower jaw bone
manubrium
the superior portion of the sternum
maxillae
the two fused bones forming the upper jaw
medial
toward the midline of the body
metacarpals
the hand bone
metatarsals
the foot bones
mid axillary line
the line drawn vertical from the middle of the armpit to the ankle
mid clavicular line
the line through the center of each clavicle
midline
an imaginary line drawn down the center of the body, dividing into left and right
muscle
tissue that contracts to allow movement of the body
musculoskeleton system
the system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement
nasal bones
the nose bones
nasopharynx
the are directly posterior of the nose
nervous system
the system of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought.
orbits
the bony structures around the eyes, eye socket
oropharynx
the area directly posterior of the mouth
ovaries
egg producing
palmar
referring to the palm of the hand
pancreas
a gland behind the stomach, produces hormones
patella
kneecap
pelvis
the basin shaped boney structure supports the spine, the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities
perfusion
the supply of oxygen to, and removal of waste from, the cells and tissues of the body in result the blood flow through the capillaries
peripheral nervous system PNS
the nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord
peripheral pulses
the radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and dorsal is pedis pulses which can be felt by the outlaying point of the body
phalanges
the toe and finger bones
pharynx
the area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. Made up of oropharynx and nasopharynx
plantar
referring to the bottom of the foot
plasma
the fluid portion of the blood
platelets
components of the blood; membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells.
posterior
the back of the body parts
posterior tibial artery
artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle
prone
lying face down
proximal
closer to the torso
pubis
the medial anterior portion of the pelvis
pulmonary arteries
the vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart and lungs
pulmonary veins
the vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
pulse
the rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries
radial artery
artery of the lower arm
radius
the lateral bone of the forearm
recovery position
lying on the side
red blood cells
components of blood, they carry oxygen to, and carbon dioxide away from, the cells
renal system
the body system that regulates fluid balance and filtration of blood. urinary system
respiration
(cellular) the process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and the cells
respiration system
the system of the nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that bring oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide
spleen
an organ located in the upper left quadrant; acts as a blood filtration system for reserves of blood
subcutaneous layers
the layers of fat and soft tissue found below the dermis
superior
toward the head
supine
lying on the back
systolic blood pressure
the pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulations
tarsals
the ankle bones
tendons
tissues that connect muscle to bone
thorax
chest
thyroid cartilage
the wing-shaped plate of cartilage that sits anterior to the larynx and forms the adams apple
tibia
the medial and larger bone of the lower leg
torso
the trunk of the body
trendelenburg position
the patients feet are higher than head
ulna
the medial bone of the forearm
ureters
the tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder
urethra
tube connecting the bladder to the vagina/penis for peeing
valve
a structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of fluid in only one direction
vein
any blood vessels returning blood to the heart
venae cavae
the inferior/superior venae cavae; these two major veins return blood from the body to the right atrium
ventilation
the process of moving gases between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of blood
ventral
referring to the front of the body. a synonym for anterior
ventricles
the two LOWER chambers of the heart. There is a right ventricle (sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs) and the left ventricle (send oxygen rich blood to the body)
venule
the smallest kind of vein
vertebrae
the 33 bones of the spinal cord
voluntary muscles
muscles that can be consciously controlled
white blood cells
components of blood; produce substances that help fight of infection
xiphoid process
the inferior portion of the sternum
zygomatic arches
cheek bones
