CHAP 31

Question 1

Air embolism

Answer 1

a bubble of air in the bloodstream

Question 2

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 2

controls involuntary functions

Question 3

central nervous system

Answer 3

the brain and the spinal cord

Question 4

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 4

the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord

Question 5

concussion

Answer 5

mild closed head injury without detectable damage to the brain. Complete recovery is usually expected

Question 6

contusion

Answer 6

in brain injury, a bruised brain caused when the force of a mechanism is enough to burst blood vessels

Question 7

dermatome

Answer 7

an area of the skin that is innervated by a single spinal nerve

Question 8

Foramen magnum

Answer 8

the opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes from the brain

Question 9

hematoma

Answer 9

in a head injury, a collection of blood within the skull or brain

Question 10

herniation

Answer 10

pushing of a portion of the brain through the foramen magnum as a result of increased inttracranial pressure

Question 11

intracranial pressure (ICP)

Answer 11

pressure inside the skull

Question 12

malar

Answer 12

the cheek bone, also called the zygomatic bone

Question 13

neurogenic shock

Answer 13

a state of shock cause by nerve paralysis that sometimes develops from spinal cord injuries

Question 14

peripheral nervous system

Answer 14

the nerves that enter and exit the spinal cord between the vertebrae; the 12 pairs of cranial nerves that travel between the brain and organs without passing through spinal cord; and all of the body’s other motor and sensory nerves

Question 15

spinous process

Answer 15

the boney bump on a vertebra

Question 16

temporal bone

Answer 16

bone that forms part of the side of the skull and floor of cranial cavity.

Question 17

Name the two components of the central nervous system and discuss their functions

Answer 17

Brain and spinal cord. Messages from all over the body are received by the brain. The spinal cord relays messages.

Question 18

Describe the appropriate emergency treatment of a patient with a possible head injury

Answer 18

Jaw thrust, maintain airway.
Monitor breathing
Apply C collar
Administer O2
Control bleeding
Monitor vitals ever 5 min
Manage for shock
Transport

Question 19

Describe the appropriate emergency care for a patient with possible spine injury.

Answer 19

C-spine
Apply C collar
O2
Asses PSM in all 4 extremities