Chap 33- Nutrition & Macronutrients Flashcards
WHat does body need to regulate normal functions/energy?
H20 & Electrolytes
Carbs
Proteins
Lipids
Example of catabolism
Negative Nitrogen Balance
breaking down of body substances
catabolism
building up of body tissues/substances
anabolism
Lab Values to look at for Nutrition
Albumin/Protein
Altered Nutritional Fx Examples
Obesity
Over/Under Weight
Recent Significant weight gain/loss
Decreased Energy
Altered Bowel Patterns
Altered skin/teeth/hair/ mucous membranes Pink & Moist
Macronutrients
Used in large amounts
Carbs
Proteins
Lipids
Micronutrients
used in small amounts by body
Vitamins
Minerals
Importance of water in diet
Essential in maintaining fluid balance
main source of energy; protein sparing; sugar is the building block
Carbohydrates
Carbs made up of _____ & ___ sugars
simple (monosaccharides/ disaccharides)
complex (polysaccharides) ex: fiber
Fiber is a type of carb that can be ____ or ______
soluble dissolves in water
insoluble does not dissolve in water
Importance of fiber
promotes peristalsis
maintains bowel function
gives energy
Normal blood sugar
80-110 mg/dL
Fasting glucose at least 4 hrs of fasting
60-80mg/dL
Expected blood sugar 2 hrs pp (post prandel aka after meals)
140-180 mg/dl
S&S of Hypoglycemia (<60 mg/dL)
Shaking
Nervous/Anxious
Dizzy
Tachycardia
Pale
Hunger
made of amino acids; building blocks of body; necessary for tissue repair, immune sys fx, fluid balance, secondary energy source
Proteins
when body loses more nitrogren than its getting from food due to poor protein intake. breaking down muscle/tissue faster than it can rebuild it
Negative Nitrogen Balance (body uses more protein that its getting from diet; increases risk for pressure ulcers)
2 main types of proteins
Complete & incomplete
protein that contains sufficient amounts of the essential amino acids to maintain body tissues/ promote growth; to promote growth. Good sources of complete proteins are
complete proteins
meat
fish
poultry
milk
cheese
eggs
protein that DOES NOT contain sufficient amounts of essential amino acids to maintain life, promote growth or build tissues
incomplete proteins
peas and beans
peanut butter
seeds
fruits and vegetables
bread
cereal
rice
pasta
organic compounds that are insoluble in water;
lipids
saturated fats “bad fats” LDL
unsaturated fats “good fats” HDL
2 incomplete proteins do not make a complete protein. T or F
False- 2 incomplete proteins make a complete proteins
