Chap 32- Major Electrolytes/ Cations & Anions

Question 1

Sodium Na+ (Cation)

Answer 1

135 - 145 mEq/mL

Question 2

Potassium K+ (Cation)

Answer 2

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/mL

Question 3

Calcium Ca ++ (Cation)

Answer 3

4.3 - 5.3 mEq/mL

Question 4

Magnesium Mg ++

Answer 4

1.5 - 1.9 mEq/L

Question 5

Chloride Cl- (Anion)

Answer 5

95-108 mEq/L

Question 6

Bicarbonate HCO3- (Anion)

Answer 6

22-26 mEq/L

Question 7

Phosphate HPO4-, H2PO4 (Anion)

Answer 7

1.7-2.6 mEq/mL

Question 8

electrolyte that controls/ regulates volume of body fluids

Answer 8

Sodium

Question 9

electrolyte that regulates enzyme and water content; important for <3 & muscle contraction

Answer 9

Potassium

Question 10

electrolyte that’s responsible for nerve impulse, blood clotting, muscle contraction, B12 absorption

Answer 10

Calcium

Question 11

electrolyte responsible for metabolism of carbs and proteins

Answer 11

Magnesium

Question 12

electrolyte that maintains osmotic pressure in blood, produces hydrochloric acid

Answer 12

Chloride

Question 13

electrolyte that is body’s primary buffer system

Answer 13

Bicarbonate

Question 14

electrolyte that chemical reactions involve cell division and hereditary traits

Answer 14

Phosphate

Question 15

Major intracellular cation that is important for cardiac/muscle impulse transmission

Answer 15

Potassium

Question 16

Potassium is intracellular ion is regulated by

Answer 16

dietary intake
Aldosterone
Renal excretion (eliminated by kidneys)

Question 17

WHat causes hyperkalemia ?
S&S…?

Answer 17

Renal failure,
Acidosis
Massive Tissue Injury/ Burns
Rapid IV infusion

Question 18

S&S of Hyperkalemia (>5.0 mEq/L)

Answer 18

Muscle Irritability
EKG Changes
evident by dysrhythmias

Question 19

Treatment for hyperkalemia (>5.0 mEq/L)?

Answer 19

Low Sodium Diet
IV Insulin
Diuretics if moderately high

Question 20

What causes Hypokalemia (<3.5 mEq/L) ?

Answer 20

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Diuretics
Alkalosis
Aldosterone

Question 21

S&S of hypokalemia

Answer 21

Decreases in reflexes
Muscle weakness/paralysis
EKGS Changes

Question 22

Treatment for Hypokalemia (<3.5 mE1/L)

Answer 22

High K+ Foods
K+ supplements, PO
IV

Question 23

3 foods high in potassium

Answer 23

Bananas
Avocados
Spinach

Question 24

What causes hypophospharemia? (<1.7 mEq/L)

Answer 24

Alcoholism
Renal Wasting
Uncontrolled DM
Nutritional deficiencies

Question 25

S&S of hypophospharemia (<1.7/mEq/L)

Answer 25

Neuromuscular dysfunction
weakness
fatigue
ventricle dysrythmias
Confusion

Question 26

Treatment for hypophospharemia

Answer 26

treat underlying condition
high phosphrous foods
oral replacement
Dark Sodas rich in phosphorous

Question 27

Most abundant ECF electrolyte thats responsible for water balance and transmission of nerve impulses

Answer 27

Sodium

Question 28

3 foods high in Sodium

Answer 28

Lunch Meat
Soup
Processed foods

Question 29

Electrolyte regulated by parathyroid hormone important for bone/teeth, cardiac conduction, hormone secretion, clotting

Answer 29

Calcium

Question 30

S&S Hypocalcemia (<4.3 mEq/L)

Answer 30

Trousseau’s Sign (muscle spasms in hands & wrists)
Chvosteks’s Sign (facial muscle spasms)

Question 31

Causes of Hypercalcemia

Answer 31

Bone Cancer
Immobility
Excessive Antacid use
Increased in Vitamin D

Question 32

S&S of Hypercalcemia

Answer 32

Impaired nerve & muscle conduction
Bone Pain
Kidney Stones
Memory Impairment

Question 33

Treatment of Hypercalcemia

Answer 33

Saline/Diuretics to increase excretion
Steroids
Decreased calcium foods

Question 34

What causes hypomagnesium?

Answer 34

Prolonged Malnutrition
Surgery
Alcohol Abuse

Question 35

S&S hypomagnesium

Answer 35

tremors
cramps
convulsions
tachycardia

Question 36

Treatment for hypomagenesium

Answer 36

IV admin of Mg SUlfate
Diet- Greens, Peanut Butter, Nuts & Bananas

Question 37

What causes hypermagnesium?

Answer 37

Kidney failure
Excess laxatives/anatacids

Question 38

S&S of hypermagnesium

Answer 38

lethargy
bradycardia
paralysis
coma when less than 2.5

Question 39

Treatment of hypermagnesium

Answer 39

Dialysis
Calcium Glucanote