Chap. 10 - Dementia Flashcards
Dementia - impaired cognition or impaired consciousness?
Impaired cognition
The most common type of dementia
Alzheimer’s type
The second-most common type of dementia
Vascular dementia
Vascular dementia is also known as…
Multi-infarct dementia
Development of dementia with HIV is a ___ sign and generally means life expectancy of ___ _____
Bad sign
Six months to live
Dementia due to HIV, like Huntington’s disease, is classified as a _____ dementia
Subcortical
Pick’s disease is also known as _____ dementia
Frontotemporal
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease progresses _____ and is _____
Progresses quickly and is fatal
Huntington’s disease, like HIV dementia, is classified as a _____ dementia
Subcortical
Alzheimer’s comes on suddenly or gradually?
Gradual onset
Post-mortem hallmarks of Alzheimer’s are…
Amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles
Vascular dementia results from…
CV disease
HTN
HIV dementia manifests by progressive _____ decline, _____ abnormalities, and _____ abnormalities.
Progressive cognitive decline
Motor abnormalities
Behavioral abnormalities
HIV dementia may co-occur with _____-_____ disorder, _____ _____ disorder, and _____ _____ disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Posttraumatic stress disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder
Protease inhibitors will _____ levels of Wellbutrin, most benzos, and SSRIs
Increase levels, causing toxicity
Protease inhibitors will _____ levels of Depakote and Ativan
Decrease levels, rendering standard doses subtherapeutic
The early stages of Pick’s disease are marked by _____ and _____ changes, while the late stages are marked by _____ changes
Personality and behavior changes early
Cognitive changes late
The Kluver-Bucy syndrome of Pick’s disease is marked by hyper-_____, hyper-_____, and _____.
Hypersexuality
Hyperorality
Placidity
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, early on, looks like the ___.
Flu
Later manifestations of C-J disease include _____, _____, and emotional _____.
Aphasia
Apraxia
Emotional lability
Death from C-J disease happens in about __ months.
Six months
Huntington’s disease is characterized by choreoathetoid movements, which means _____ _____.
Motor abnormalities
Although the Huntington’s patient is stricken with choreoathetoid movements, their _____ remains intact until the late stages.
Cognition (memory, language, and insight)
Lewy body disease presentation
Hallucinations
Parkinsonian features
EPS
Do NOT treat Lewy body with this drug class:
Antipsychotics
Dementia affects about __% of individuals aged 65-85, and about __% of individuals over 85
1.6% from 65-85
16-25% of those over 85
The most common dementia is
Alzheimer’s
Screening recommendations
Screening is NOT recommended, as there is no treatment
Instruments for assessing level of impairment (3)
MMSE
Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ)
Blessed Dementia Rating Scale (BDRS)
Amaurosis fugax
Unilateral transient vision loss, described as “curtain over the eye”
Three A’s of dementia
Aphasia
Apraxia
Agnosia
Two “down there” causes to rule out
UTI
Syphilis
Cognitive symptoms may be stabilized by NMDA Glutamate Receptor Antagonists like
Memantine (Namenda)
Cholinesterase inhibitors like _____ (_____) and _____ may help to treat symptoms and slow loss of function but are NOT effective in end-stage disease
Donepezil (aricept) and Rivastigmine
Psychosis and agitation in dementia should be treated with
Antipsychotics
