CH.9 Flashcards
sexual dysfunctions, paraphilic disorders, and gender dysphoria
heterosexual behavior
sexual activity with members of the opposite gender
homosexual behavior
sexual activity with members of the same gender
sexual dysfunction
sexual disorder in which the client finds it difficult to function adequately while having sex
male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
dysfunction in which a man feels distress from having little or no sexual interest
female sexual interest/arousal disorder
recurrent inability in some women to attain or maintain adequate lubrication and sexual excitement swelling responses until completion of sexual activity
erectile disorder
recurring inability in some men to attain or maintain adequate penile erection until completion of sexual activity
delayed ejaculation
disorder in which a man achieves orgasm only with great difficulty
female orgasmic disorder
recurring delay or absence of orgasm in some women following a normal sexual excitement phase, relative to their prior experience and current stimulation. also known as inhibited orgasm (female)
premature ejaculation
recurring ejaculation before the person wishes it, with minimal sexual stimulation
genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
sexual dysfunction in which a woman experiences pain or difficulty with penetration during intercourse; may include vaginismus
*includes one or more of: pain during intercourse/ fear or anxiety about pain during sex/ tension of pelvic floor muscles in anticipation of sex
vaginismus
recurring involuntary muscle spasms in the outer third of the vagina that interfere with sexual intercourse
paraphilic disorders
sexual disorders and deviations in which sexual arousal occurs almost exclusively in the context of inappropriate objects or individuals
- manifest in fantasies, urges, arousal or behaviors
- not always disordered
frotteuristic disorder
paraphilic disorder in which the person gains sexual gratification by rubbing against unwilling victims in crowds from which they cannot escape
fetishistic disorder
long-term, recurring, intense sexually arousing urges, fantasies, or behavior that involve the use of nonliving, unusual objects and that cause distress or impairment in life functioning
voyeuristic disorder
paraphilic disorder in which sexual arousal is derived from observing unsuspecting individuals undressing or naked
exhibitionistic disorder
sexual gratification attained by exposing genitals to unsuspecting strangers
transvestic disorder
paraphilia in which individuals, usually males, are sexually aroused or receive gratification by wearing clothing of the opposite sex
sexual sadism
paraphilia in which sexual arousal is associated with inflicting pain or humiliation
sexual masochism
paraphilia in which sexual arousal is associated with experiencing pain or humiliation
pedophilia
paraphilia involving strong sexual attraction toward children
causes: difficulty forming “normal” relationships
high sex drive
early experiences
incest
deviant sexual attraction (pedophilia) directed toward a family member; often the attraction of a father toward a daughter who is maturing physically
covert sensitization
cognitive-behavioral intervention to reduce unwanted behaviors by having clients imagine the extremely aversive consequences of the behaviors and establish negative rather than positive associations with them
orgasmic reconditioning
learning procedure to help clients strengthen appropriate patterns of sexual arousal by pairing appropriate stimuli with the pleasurable sensations of masturbation
gender dysphoria
psychological dissatisfaction with biological gender, a disturbance in the sense of identity as a male or female.
the primary goal is not sexual arousal but rather to live the life of the opposite gender
treatment: sex reassignment surgery
gender nonconformity
a phenomenon in which pre-pubescent children do not identify with their biological sex, but instead identify strongly with the gender of the opposite sex and display varying degrees of behavior more characteristic of the opposite sex
sex reassignment surgery
surgical procedures to alter a person’s physical anatomy to conform to that person’s psychological gender identity
Statistics about sexual activity have suggested that:
the majority of people engage in heterosexual, vaginal intercourse in the context of a relationship with one partner
Research evidence on the origins of homosexuality has suggested a possible role for all of the following EXCEPT:
emotionally distant fathers
The most common form of treatment for gender dysphoria is:
sexual reassignment surgery
In which phase of the sexual response cycle can men experience difficulty attaining or maintaining erections?
arousal
Simone and her partner have sexual intercourse about once a month. Simone says she wants to have sex but can’t seem to achieve adequate lubrication to make sex enjoyable. Simone’s symptoms are most consistent with:
sexual arousal disorder
Which component is essential to the diagnosis of female orgasmic disorder?
orgasm never or almost never occurs
The overarching goal of Masters and Johnson’s psychosocial treatment for sexual dysfunction was:
reducing or eliminating psychologically-based performance anxiety
A disorder in which an inappropriate, inanimate object is the source of sexual arousal is known as a:
paraphilia
Which of the following statements is an accurate characterization of pedophilia?
It is often rationalized by the perpetrator as an acceptable way to teach children about sexuality.
Shane is being treated for a paraphilia by imagining harmful consequences occurring in response to his unwanted behavior and arousal. Shane is receiving what kind of treatment?
covert sensitization
causes of sexual dysfunction
experience of anxiety and neg thoughts about sexual encounters
actively avoid awareness of sexual cues
social and cultural contributions (neg or traumatic sexual experiences/ lack of communication)
erotophobia
learned neg attitudes about sexuality
treatment of sexual dysfunction
education sensate focus and nondemand pleasuring squeeze technique masturbatory training use of dilators exposure to erotic material Medical: viagra, injections, testosterone, prosthesis or implants, vascular surgery, vacuum device therapy
pedophilic disorder treatments
meds: chemical castration
cyproterone acetate (reduces testosterone, sexual urges , and fantasy)
medroxyprogesterone acetate (depo-provers, reduces testosterone)
relapse common after discontinuation
What are the characteristics of sexual dysfunctions?
Involve desire, arousal, and/or orgasm
Pain associated with sex can lead to additional dysfunction
Must now be present for 6+ months in order to make diagnosis
Must lead to impairment or distress in order to be considered a disorder
How is sexual behavior assessed?
Comprehensive interview
Detailed history of sexual behavior, lifestyle, and associated factors
Medical examination
Must rule out potential medical causes of sexual dysfunction
