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abnormal psych > CH.8 > Flashcards

CH.8 Flashcards

eating and sleep-wake disorders

1
Q

bulimia nervose

A

*eating disorder involving recurrent episodes of uncontrolled excessive (binge) eating followed by compensatory actions to remove the food (for example, deliberate vomiting, laxative abuse, and excessive exercise).
*may be associated with guilt, shame or regret
overwelming drive to be thin
*belief that popularity and self-esteem are determined by weight and body shape
*purging may result: erosion of enamel, electrolyte imbalance, kidney failure, cardiac arrhythmia, seizures, intestinal problems, colon damage
*most have comorbid psychological disorder (anxiety, mood disorders, substance abuce)

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2
Q

binge

A

relatively brief episode of uncontrolled, excessive consumption, usually of food or alcohol

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3
Q

anorexia nervosa

A
  • eating disorder characterized by recurrent food refusal, leading to dangerously low body weight
  • hallmark is extreme weight loss
  • may also involve binging and purging
  • intense fear of wieght gain and losing control over eating
  • relentless pursuit of thinness
  • most deadly mental disorder: organ damage/ cardiac damage
  • pride in diet and control/ rarely seek treatment
  • physical feature: dry skin, cardiovascular problems, brittle hair and nails, electrolyte imbalance, sensitivity to cold
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4
Q

binge-eating disorder (BED)

A
  • pattern of eating involving distress-inducing binges not followed by purging behaviors; being considered as a new DSM diagnostic category
  • distress and/or functional impairment (health risk, feelings of guilt)
  • many are obese
  • often older than bulimics and anorexics
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5
Q

obesity

A

excess of body fat resulting in a body mass index (BMI, a ratio of weight to height) of 30 or more
not DSM disorder, but consequence
mortality rates close to those associated with smoking
*related to technological advancement
*genetics account for about 30% of cases
*biological and psychosocial (impulse control, attitudes) factors contribute as well

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6
Q

purging techniques

A

in the eating disorder bulimmia nervosa, the self-induced vomiting or laxative abuse used to compensate for excessive food ingestion

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7
Q

night eating syndrome

A

consuming a third or more of daily food intake after the evening meal and getting out of bed at least once during the night to have a high-calorie snack. in the morning, however, individuals with night eating syndrome are not hungry and do not usually eat breakfast. these individuals do not binge during their night eating and seldom purge

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8
Q

bariatric surgery

A

surgical approach to extreme obesity, usually accomplished by stapling the stomach to create a small stomach pouch or bypassing the stomach through gastric bypass surgery

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9
Q

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

A

periodic intervals of sleep during which the eyes move rapidly from side to side, and dreams occur, but the body is inactive

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10
Q

dyssomnias

A

problems in getting to sleep or in obtaining sufficient quality sleep

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11
Q

parasomnias

A

abnormal behaviors such as nightmares or sleepwalking that occur during sleep

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12
Q

polysomnographic evaluation

A

(PSG) evaluation
assessment of sleep disorders in which a client sleeping in the lab is monitored for heart, muscle, respiration, brain wave, and other functions

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13
Q

actigraph

A

small electronic device that is worn on the wrist like a watch and records body movements. this device can be used to record sleep-wake cycles

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14
Q

sleep efficiency (SE)

A

percentage of time actually spent sleeping of the total time spent in bed

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15
Q

microsleeps

A

short, seconds-long periods of sleep that occur in people who have been deprived of sleep

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16
Q

insomnia disorder

A

condition in which insufficient sleep interferes with normal functioning

  • one of most common sleep disorders
  • microsleeps
  • causes: pain, physical discomfort, delayed temp rhythm, stress, anxiety, environment, apnea, unrealistic sleep expectations, periodic limb movement disorder
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17
Q

primary insomnia

A

difficulty in initiating, maintaining, or gaining from sleep; not related to other medical or psychological problems

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18
Q

rebound insomnia

A

in a person with insomnia, the worsened sleep problems that can occur when medications are used to treat insomnia and then withdrawn

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19
Q

hypersomnolence disorders

A

sleep dysfunction involving an excessive amount of sleep that disrupts normal routines
often associated with medical and/or psychological conditions

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20
Q

sleep apnea

A

disorder involving brief periods when breathing ceases during sleep

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21
Q

narcolepsy

A

sleep disorder involving sudden and irresistible sleep attacks
accompanied by at least one: cataplexy, hypocretin deficiency, going into REM sleep abnormally fast

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22
Q

breathing-related sleep disorders

A

sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia, caused by a breathing problem such as interupted (sleep apnea) or labored (hypoventilation) breathing

23
Q

circadian rhythm sleep disorders

A

sleep disturbances resulting in sleepiness or insomnia, caused by the bodys inability to synchronize its sleep patterns with the current pattern of day and night
ex: shift work type, familial type, jet lag, delayed sleep phase, etc

24
Q

nightmares

A

frightening and anxiety-provoking dreams occurring during rapid eye movement sleep
the individual recalls the bad dreams and recovers alertness and orientation quickly
*remember dreams vividly
*sometimes sees dreams as visions
*treatment with antidepressants and/or relaxation training

25
Q

disorder of arousal

A

category of sleep disorder during NREM sleep that includes sleep walking and sleep terrors

26
Q

sleep terrors

A

episodes of apparent awakening form sleep, accompanied by signs of panic, followed by disorientation and amnesia for the incident. \these occur during nonrapid eye movement sleep and so do not involve frightening dreams
more common in children
*wait and see posture for treatment

27
Q

sleepwalking (somnambulism)

A

parasomnia that involves leaving the bed during nonrapid eye movement sleep

  • more common in children
  • usually resolves on its own
28
Q

It is estimated that ______ of individuals with eating disorders die as a result of the disorder, with as many as 50% of those deaths coming from ______.

A

20%; suicide

29
Q

Dr. Thompson sees a patient with a chubby face, calluses on her fingers, and small scars on the back of her hand. Tests indicate that the patient weighs slightly more than her expected weight and that she has an electrolyte imbalance. The patient reports that she is having persistent constipation and that she feels as if her heart has been skipping beats. These symptoms are consistent with:

A

bulimia nervosa

30
Q

Research on bulimia nervosa suggests that it most often co-occurs with:

A

anxiety disorders

31
Q

The typical age of onset for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa is ______, with younger cases of anorexia tending to begin at ______ and younger cases of bulimia tending to begin at ______.

A

20; 15; 10

32
Q

In a study by Fallon and Rozin, female undergraduates:

A

rated the ideal body size smaller than the attractive body size

33
Q

Which of the following statements is true of cognitive– behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) in the treatment of bulimia?

A

CBT appears to work faster than IPT, but they both seem to have the same positive effect at a one-year follow-up

34
Q

Which of the following is used to measure arm movements as an indicator of sleep activity and sleep quality?

A

actigraph

35
Q

While sleeping, Michael, a 55-year-old overweight male, experiences a cessation in his breathing for short periods. Michael’s wife reports that he snores
continuously and never feels rested. Michael’s symptoms are consistent with:

A

sleep apnea

36
Q

Mr. Dunn has been experiencing insomnia for several weeks. His doctor recommends that he only lie in bed for three hours, the amount of time that he actually sleeps each night. The amount of time Mr. Dunn lies in bed is then increased as he begins to sleep more. This treatment is known as:

A

sleep restriction

37
Q

The primary difference between sleep terrors and nightmares is:

A

sleep terrors occur during NREM sleep

38
Q

lanugo

A

downy hair on limbs or cheeks

39
Q

amenorrhea

A

cessation of menstruation

40
Q

causes of bulimia and anorexia

A 
media and cultural considerations
biological: partial genetic component/ deficits in serotonin/ heritability/ tendency to be emotionally responsive to stress
low sense of personal control and self-confidence
perfectionistic attitudes
distorted body image
mood intolerance
dietary restraint
family influences
biological and psychological dimensions
41
Q

bulimia nervosa treatment

A

CBT (treatment of choice)

antidepressants (usually not efficacious in long-term

42
Q

binge eating disorder treatment

A

medications not recommended
CBT
interpersonal psychotherapy
self-help techniques

43
Q

anorexia nervosa teatment

A

general goals and strategies: weight restoration/ psychoeducation/ behavioral and cognitive interventions/ often involves family

44
Q

obesity treatment

A
  1. self-directed weight loss program
  2. commercial self-help program
  3. behavior medification programs
  4. bariatric surgery
    * moderate success with adults/ greater success with children and adolescents
45
Q

cataplexy

A

loss of muscle tone

46
Q

hypnagogic hallucinations

A

vivid and realistic as going to sleep or waking up

47
Q

obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea

A

airflow stops, but respiratory system works

48
Q

central sleep apnea (CSA)

A

respiratory system stops for brief periods

49
Q

sleep-related hypoventilation

A

decreased breathing during sleep not better explained by another sleep disorder

50
Q

insomnia treatments

A

benzodiazepines and over-the-counter sleep medications
best as short term solution
CBT: psychoeducation about sleep, changing beliefs about sleep, practice better habits

51
Q

hypersomnia and narcolepsy treatments

A

stimulants

cataplesy treated with antidepressants

52
Q

breathing-related sleep disorder treatments

A

medications, weight loss, or mechanical devices

53
Q

circadian rhythm sleep wake disorers tretments

A

phase delays (moving bedtime later)
phase advances
use of very bright light

abnormal psych (14 decks)

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