CH.10 Flashcards
substance-related, addictive, and impulse-control disorders
substance-related and addictive disorders
range of problems associated with the use and abuse of drugs such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, and other substances people use to alter the way they think, feel, and behave.
these are extremely costly in human and financial terms
impulse-control disorders
a disorder in which a person acts on an irresistible, but potentially harmful, impulse
alcohol use disorder
a cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problem associated with alcohol use and abuse
psychoactive substance
substances, such as a drug, that alter mood or behavior
substance use
the ingestion of psychoactive substances in moderate amounts that does not significantly interfere with social, educational, or occupational functioning
substance intoxication
a physiological reaction, such as impaired judgment and motor ability, as well as mood change, resulting from the ingestion of a psychoactive substance
substance use disorders
when the recurrent use of alcohol and/or drugs causes clinically and functionally significant impairment, such as health problems, disability, and failure to meet major responsibilities at work, school, or home
physiological dependence
the use of increasingly greater amounts of the drug to experience the same effect (tolerance) and a negative physical response when the substance is no longer ingested
tolerance
the need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the desired effect, and a diminished effect with continued use of the same amount
withdrawal
a severely negative physiological reaction to removal of a psychoactive substance, which can be alleviated by the same or a similar substance
substance abuse
a pattern of psychoactive substance use leading to significant distress or impairment in social and occupational roles and in hazardous situations
stimulants
a psychoactive substance that elevates mood, activity, and alertness
such substances include amphetamines, caffeine, cocaine, and nicotine
depressants
a psychoactive substance that results in behavioral sedation; such substances include alcohol and the sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic drugs
opiates
an addictive psychoactive substance such as heroin, opium, or morphine that causes temporary euphoria and analgesia (pain reduction)
hallucinogens
any psychoactive substance, such as LSD or marijuana, that can produce delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, and altered sensory perception
other drugs of abuse
other substances that are abused but do not fit easily into one of the common categories including inhalants, anabotic steroids, and other over-the-counter and prescription medications
barbiturates
a sedaive (and addictive)drug such as amytal, seconal, or nembutal that is used as a sleep aid
benzodiazepines
an antianxiety drug such as Valium, Xanax, Dalmane, or Halcion also used to treat insomnia
effective against anxiety (and, at high potency, panic disorder), benzodiazepines show some side effects, such as some cognitive and motor impairment, and may result in substance dependence
relapse rates are extremely high when such a drug is discontinued
withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens/DTs)
the frightening hallucinations and body tremors that result when a heavy drinker withdraws from alcohol
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
organic brain syndrome resulting from prolonged heavy alcohol use, involving confusion, unintelligible speech, and loss of motor coordination
it may be caused by a deficiency of thiamine, a vitamin metabolized poorly by heavy drinkers
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
a pattern of problems, including learning difficulties, behavior deficits, and characteristic physical flaws, resulting from heavy drinking by the victim’s mother when she was pregnant with the victim
antagonist drugs
the medication that blocks or counteracts the effects of a psychoactive drug
cocaine use disorders
cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of cocaine
caffeine-related disorders
cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of caffeine
opioid-related disorders
cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of opiates and their synthetic variants
cannabis use disorders
a problematic pattern of cannabis use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress
tobacco-related disorders
cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of nicotine
hallucinogen use disorders
cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of hallucinogenic substances
hallucinogenic substances
any psychoactive substance, such as LSD or marijuana, that can produce delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, and altered sensory perception
cannabis (cannabis sativa)(marijuana)
most routinely used illegal substance
dried parts of the cannabis or hemp plant
reactions usually include mood swings
gambling disorder
persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress
intermittent explosive disorder
the episodes during which a person acts on aggressive impulses that result in serious assaults or destruction of property
kleptomania
a recurrent failure to resist urges to steal things not needed for personal use or their monetary value
nicotine
toxic and addictive substance found n tobacco leaves
nicotine patch
patch placed on the skin that delivers nicotine to smokers without the carcinogens in cigarette smoke.
somewhat more successful than nicotine gum because it requires less effort b the wearer and delivers the drug more consistently
should be coupled with counseling to stop smoking and avoid relapse
relapse prevention
the extending therapeutic progress by teaching the client how to cope with future troubling situations
pyromania
an impulse-control disorder that involves having an irresistible urge to set fires
