CH.10

Question 1

substance-related and addictive disorders

Answer 1

range of problems associated with the use and abuse of drugs such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, and other substances people use to alter the way they think, feel, and behave.
these are extremely costly in human and financial terms

Question 2

impulse-control disorders

Answer 2

a disorder in which a person acts on an irresistible, but potentially harmful, impulse

Question 3

alcohol use disorder

Answer 3

a cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problem associated with alcohol use and abuse

Question 4

psychoactive substance

Answer 4

substances, such as a drug, that alter mood or behavior

Question 5

substance use

Answer 5

the ingestion of psychoactive substances in moderate amounts that does not significantly interfere with social, educational, or occupational functioning

Question 6

substance intoxication

Answer 6

a physiological reaction, such as impaired judgment and motor ability, as well as mood change, resulting from the ingestion of a psychoactive substance

Question 7

substance use disorders

Answer 7

when the recurrent use of alcohol and/or drugs causes clinically and functionally significant impairment, such as health problems, disability, and failure to meet major responsibilities at work, school, or home

Question 8

physiological dependence

Answer 8

the use of increasingly greater amounts of the drug to experience the same effect (tolerance) and a negative physical response when the substance is no longer ingested

Question 9

tolerance

Answer 9

the need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the desired effect, and a diminished effect with continued use of the same amount

Question 10

withdrawal

Answer 10

a severely negative physiological reaction to removal of a psychoactive substance, which can be alleviated by the same or a similar substance

Question 11

substance abuse

Answer 11

a pattern of psychoactive substance use leading to significant distress or impairment in social and occupational roles and in hazardous situations

Question 12

stimulants

Answer 12

a psychoactive substance that elevates mood, activity, and alertness
such substances include amphetamines, caffeine, cocaine, and nicotine

Question 13

depressants

Answer 13

a psychoactive substance that results in behavioral sedation; such substances include alcohol and the sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic drugs

Question 14

opiates

Answer 14

an addictive psychoactive substance such as heroin, opium, or morphine that causes temporary euphoria and analgesia (pain reduction)

Question 15

hallucinogens

Answer 15

any psychoactive substance, such as LSD or marijuana, that can produce delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, and altered sensory perception

Question 16

other drugs of abuse

Answer 16

other substances that are abused but do not fit easily into one of the common categories including inhalants, anabotic steroids, and other over-the-counter and prescription medications

Question 17

barbiturates

Answer 17

a sedaive (and addictive)drug such as amytal, seconal, or nembutal that is used as a sleep aid

Question 18

benzodiazepines

Answer 18

an antianxiety drug such as Valium, Xanax, Dalmane, or Halcion also used to treat insomnia
effective against anxiety (and, at high potency, panic disorder), benzodiazepines show some side effects, such as some cognitive and motor impairment, and may result in substance dependence
relapse rates are extremely high when such a drug is discontinued

Question 19

withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens/DTs)

Answer 19

the frightening hallucinations and body tremors that result when a heavy drinker withdraws from alcohol

Question 20

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 20

organic brain syndrome resulting from prolonged heavy alcohol use, involving confusion, unintelligible speech, and loss of motor coordination
it may be caused by a deficiency of thiamine, a vitamin metabolized poorly by heavy drinkers

Question 21

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Answer 21

a pattern of problems, including learning difficulties, behavior deficits, and characteristic physical flaws, resulting from heavy drinking by the victim’s mother when she was pregnant with the victim

Question 22

antagonist drugs

Answer 22

the medication that blocks or counteracts the effects of a psychoactive drug

Question 23

cocaine use disorders

Answer 23

cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of cocaine

Question 24

caffeine-related disorders

Answer 24

cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of caffeine

Question 25

opioid-related disorders

Answer 25

cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of opiates and their synthetic variants

Question 26

cannabis use disorders

Answer 26

a problematic pattern of cannabis use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress

Question 27

tobacco-related disorders

Answer 27

cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of nicotine

Question 28

hallucinogen use disorders

Answer 28

cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of hallucinogenic substances

Question 29

hallucinogenic substances

Answer 29

any psychoactive substance, such as LSD or marijuana, that can produce delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, and altered sensory perception

Question 30

cannabis (cannabis sativa)(marijuana)

Answer 30

most routinely used illegal substance
dried parts of the cannabis or hemp plant
reactions usually include mood swings

Question 31

gambling disorder

Answer 31

persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress

Question 32

intermittent explosive disorder

Answer 32

the episodes during which a person acts on aggressive impulses that result in serious assaults or destruction of property

Question 33

kleptomania

Answer 33

a recurrent failure to resist urges to steal things not needed for personal use or their monetary value

Question 34

nicotine

Answer 34

toxic and addictive substance found n tobacco leaves

Question 35

nicotine patch

Answer 35

patch placed on the skin that delivers nicotine to smokers without the carcinogens in cigarette smoke.
somewhat more successful than nicotine gum because it requires less effort b the wearer and delivers the drug more consistently
should be coupled with counseling to stop smoking and avoid relapse

Question 36

relapse prevention

Answer 36

the extending therapeutic progress by teaching the client how to cope with future troubling situations

Question 37

pyromania

Answer 37

an impulse-control disorder that involves having an irresistible urge to set fires