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abnormal psych > CH.4 > Flashcards

CH.4 Flashcards

anxiety, trauma and stressor-related, and obsessive compulsive disorder

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1
Q

anxiety

A

mood state characterized by marked negative affect and bodily symptoms of tension in which a person apprehensively anticipates future danger or misfortune. anxiety may involve feelings, behaviors, and physiological responses
associated with limbic system and septal-hippocampal systems

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2
Q

fear

A

emotion of an immediate alarm reaction to present danger or life-threatening emergencies
immediate fight or flight response
abrupt activation of sympathetic nervous system
strong avoidance/escapist tendencies
marked negative affect

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3
Q

panic

A

sudden, overwhelming fright or terror

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4
Q

panic attack

A

abrupt experience of intense fear or discomfort accompanied by several physical symptoms, such as dizziness or heart palpitations

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5
Q

behavioral inhibition system (BIS)

A 
brain circuit in the limbic system that responds to threat signals by inhibiting activity and causing anxiety
alert system (potential dangers)
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6
Q

fight/flight system (FFS)

A

brain circuit in animals that when stimulated causes an immediate alarm-and-escape response resembling human panic
activated by decencies in serotonin

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7
Q

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A 
anxiety disorder characterized by intense, uncontrollable, unfocused, chronic, and continuous worry about multiple areas of life that is distressing ad unproductive, accompanied by physical symptoms of tenseness, irritability, and restlessness
chronic worry
persists for 6 months or more
very prevalent among elderly
tends to run in families
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8
Q

panic disorder (PD)

A

recurrent unexpected panic attacks accompanied by concern about future attacks and/or a lifestyle change to avoid future attacks
many develop agoraphobia
onset is often acute
nocturnal panic attacks during non-REM sleep
interoceptive avoidance of physical sensations linked to anxiety

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9
Q

agoraphobia

A

anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult

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10
Q

panic control treatment (PCT)

A

cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic attacks, involving gradual exposure to feared somatic sensations and modification of perceptions and attitudes about them

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11
Q

specific phobia

A

Unreasonable fear of a specific object or situation that markedly interferes with daily life functio

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12
Q

blood-injection-injury phobia

A

unreasonable fear and avoidance of exposure to blood, injury, or the possibility of an injection.
victims experience fainting and a drop in blood pressure

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13
Q

situational phobia

A

anxiety involving enclosed places (for example, claustrophobia) or public transportation (for example, fear of flying).

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14
Q

natural environment phobia

A

fear of situations or events in nature, especially heights, storms, and water

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15
Q

animal phobia

A

unreasonable, enduring fear of animals or insects that usually develops early in life

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16
Q

separation anxiety disorder

A

excessive, enduring fear in some children that harm will come to them or their parents while they are apart

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17
Q

social anxiety disorder (SAD)

A

extreme, enduring, irrational fear and avoidance of social or performance situations
onset usually during adolescence
causes- biological and evolutionary vulnerability
treatment- CBT/ cognitive-behavioral group treatment (CBGT)
both highly effective

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18
Q

social phobia

A

extreme, enduring, irrational fear and avoidance of social or performance situations

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19
Q

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

enduring, distressing emotional disorder that follows exposure to a severe helplessness or fear-inducing threat. the victim reexperiences the trauma, avoids stimuli associated with it, and develops a numbing of responsiveness and an increased vigilance and arousal
diagnosed when reaction persists for 1 month or more
combat and sexual assault most common

20
Q

acute stress disorder

A

severe reaction immediately following a terrifying event, often including amnesia about the event, emotional numbing, and derealization.
many victims later develop posttraumatic stress disorder

21
Q

adjustment disorders

A

clinically significant emotional and behavioral symptoms in response to one or more specific stressors

22
Q

attachment disorders

A

developmentally inappropriate behaviors in which a child is unable or unwilling to form normal attachment relationships with caregiving adults

23
Q

reactive attachment disorder

A

attachment disorder in which a child with disturbed behavior neither seeks out a caregiver nor responds to offers of help from one; fearfulness and sadness are often evident

24
Q

disinhibited social engagement disorder

A

condition in which a child shows no inhibitions whatsoever in approaching adults

25
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

anxiety disorder involving unwanted, persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses, as well as repetitive actions intended to suppress them
cleaning and washing or checking rituals common
onset typically in early adolescence
tends to be chronic

26
Q

obsessions

A

recurrent intrusive thought or impulse the client seeks to suppress or neutralize while recognizing it is not imposed by outside forces

27
Q

compulsions

A

repetitive, ritualistic, time-consuming behavior or mental act a person feels driven to perform

28
Q

body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)

A

somatoform disorder featuring a disruptive preoccupation with some imagined defect in appearance (“imagined ugliness”)
often leads to compulsive behaviors
tends to run in families

29
Q

trichotillomania

A

people’s urge to pull out their own hair from anywhere on the body, including the scalp, eyebrows, and arm

30
Q

excoriation

A

recurrent, difficult-to-control picking of one’s skin leading to significant impairment or distress

31
Q

expected panic

A

usually cued by a situation/stimulus

32
Q

unexpected panic

A

unknown when the next one will occur

constant state of fear

33
Q

genetic vulnerability

A

more likely to be anxious if there is a family history of anxiety

34
Q

anxiety and brain circuits

A

depleted levels of GABA are associated with more anxiety

deficits in norepinephrine and serotonin also associated with greater anxiety

35
Q

integrative view of anxiety

A

triple vulnerability model
generalized biological vulnerability- diathasis
generalized psychological vulnerability- how you deel about the world
specific psychological vulnerability- what are parents fears

36
Q

GAD treatment

A 
generally weak
psychological interventions (CBT)
pharmacotherapy- benzodiazaphines/ antidepressants
meditation therapy
combined treatments
37
Q

panic disorder treatment

A

medication treatment - SSRIs or benzodiazepines
>relapse rates are high following medication discontinuation
CBT highly effective
panic control teatment (PCT)
psychological and combined treatments

38
Q

acute PTSD

A

may be diagnosed one to three months post trauma

39
Q

chronic PTSD

A

diagnosed after three months post trauma

40
Q

delayed onset of PTSD

A

onset six months or more post trauma

41
Q

acute stress disorder (PTSD)

A

PTSD immediately post-trauma (up to one month)

42
Q

PTSD treatment

A

psychological treatments- CBT hightly effective
>may include, graduated or massed imaging exposure/ develop narrative of traumatic event to process understanding/ challenge maladaptive beliefs about the world
medication- SSRIs and medications effective against anxiety and panic

43
Q

thought-action fusion

A

thought is similar to the action; thinking something will make it more likely to happen

44
Q

OCD treatment

A

biological- SSRIs/ relapse common

psychological- CBT exposure to anxious cues and prevention of ritualized response

45
Q

BDD treatment

A

parallels that for OCD
CBT with exposure to anxiety and preventing compulsions
medications SSRIs

46
Q

comorbidity

A

having more than one diagnosis at once

abnormal psych (14 decks)

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