CH.9

Question 1

Know the scientist Erwin Chargaff and his discovery that:

Answer 1

adenine = thymine and cytosine = guanine (A = T and C = G)

Question 2

Know the difference between DNA and RNA

Answer 2

RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the slightly different sugar deoxyribose (a type of ribose that lacks one oxygen atom

Question 3

Know how to write complementary sequence for DNA and RNA

Answer 3

DNA A=T & C=G RNA A=U & C=G

Question 4

Know the function of different RNA’s

Answer 4

mRNAcarries codon to ribosome
◦tRNAcarries anticodon and amino acid to
ribosome
◦rRNAtogether with proteins make up ribosomes

Question 5

Know that in eukaryotes RNA undergoes processing before translation (5’cap, poly A tail and removal of introns)

Question 6

Know the different types of mutations

Answer 6

Gene mutations
Deletion
Insertion
Duplication
Invasion
Translocation
Point mutation is one base exchanged with the other sign (ex. Thymine is replaced with adenine)

Question 7

Frame shift mutation

Answer 7

when you add a base to the DNA structure

Question 8

Non-sense mutation

Answer 8

is any genetic mutation that leads to the RNA sequence becoming a stop codon instead

Question 9

Missense mutation

Answer 9

they are genetic mutation that changes an amino acid from one to another ; this can also be divided into smaller categories

Question 10

silent mutations

Answer 10

doesn’t actually affect the protein at all

Question 11

conservative mutations

Answer 11

are when the new amino acid is of the same type as the original

Question 12

nonconservative mutation

Answer 12

is a new amino acid is of a different type from the original (serine amino acid= phenylalenine)