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Biology 10 > CH. 3 > Flashcards

CH. 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Prokaryotic- bacterial cells

A

First cell type on earth
Cell type of bacteria
No membrane bound organelles
No true nucleus
Nucleoid region of DNA concentration

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2
Q

Eukaryotic- plant , animal and fungi

A

Cells with true nucleus
Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells
Possess many organelles

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3
Q

Pro vs. eukaryotic

A

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and the membrane bounds , Prokaryotic don’t have any of this

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4
Q

Plasma membrane

A

regulates the transport of material entering and exiting the cell

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

is the control panel of the whole cell, they are in charge of activities

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6
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

modifies, sorts , and packages proteins; proteins release inside a protective vesicle

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7
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function

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8
Q

Mitochondria

A

makes ATP by using energy released during the oxidation of food we eat

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9
Q

Lysosomes

A

the digestive system of the cell

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10
Q

Peroxisomes

A

break down molecules by the process of oxidation to produce hydrogen peroxide

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11
Q

Vacuoles

A

is used for storage of water, enzymes, waste and organelles. they help regulate the amount of fluid inside a cell

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12
Q

Ribosomes

A

it is a cell organelle
helps cell make proteins to function
it is found in all kinds of cells prokaryotic/ and eukaryotic

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13
Q

Centrioles

A

used for animal cells to reproduce, they release long stiff fibers called microtubules that split the cell apart during cell division

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14
Q

Nucleoli

A

help make ribosomes

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15
Q

Proteasomes

A

absorbs ubiquinone and breaks down into protein

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16
Q

flagella/cilia

A

both are used to move an entire cell

17
Q

cilia

A

The function of cilia is to move water relative to the cell in a regular movement of the cilia

18
Q

Flagella

A

Flagellum is primarily a motility organelle that enables movement and chemotaxis(stimulus chemical) or phototaxes(stimulus light)
*whip like extensions
*found on sperm cells

19
Q

Know how to calculate magnification of light microscope

A

the eyepiece lens 10x multiplied by the objective lens (4x,10x,40 and 100x)
Highest maximum magnification is around 1000x

20
Q

Microscopes

A

produce and enlarge image of an object

21
Q

Know the different types of transport. Diffusion

A

Molecules move to equalize concentration

22
Q

Osmosis

A

special form of diffusion, movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
→Into cell and
→out of cell

23
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Diffusion facilitated by transport protein molecules/ channels
Channels (are specific) help molecule or ions enter or leave the cell
Aquaporins facilitate the movement of water
No energy is used

24
Q

Isotonic
Know the different types of solutions (iso, hyper and hypotonic)

A

Solutes equally inside and out of cell

25
Q

Hypotonic

A

Solutes inside cell more than outside
Outside solvent will flow into cell

26
Q

Hypertonic

A

Solutes greater outside cell
Fluid will flow out of cell

27
Q

Principle of cell theory

A

All living things are made of cells
Cell is the basic unit of life
All cells arise from preexisting cells

28
Q

Characteristics of all cells-

A

A surrounding cell membrane
protoplasm/cytoplasm- Thick fluid within cell
DNA-

29
Q

Plasma membrane-

A

Phospholipid by layer
selectively permeable
Membrane proteins function as receptors
Integral proteins function as transporters

30
Q

Cell wall

A

found in plants, fungi, it provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress and it has protists which surrounds plasma membrane

31
Q

Cell wall differences

A

Plants - mostly cellulose
Fungi- contain chitin

32
Q

Cytoskeleton-

A

3 functions
→ structural/mechanical support
→ anchor organelles
→ help move substances
–> transport

Biology 10 (9 decks)

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