CH. 3 Flashcards
Prokaryotic- bacterial cells
First cell type on earth
Cell type of bacteria
No membrane bound organelles
No true nucleus
Nucleoid region of DNA concentration
Eukaryotic- plant , animal and fungi
Cells with true nucleus
Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells
Possess many organelles
Pro vs. eukaryotic
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and the membrane bounds , Prokaryotic don’t have any of this
Plasma membrane
regulates the transport of material entering and exiting the cell
Nucleus
is the control panel of the whole cell, they are in charge of activities
Golgi apparatus
modifies, sorts , and packages proteins; proteins release inside a protective vesicle
Endoplasmic reticulum
to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function
Mitochondria
makes ATP by using energy released during the oxidation of food we eat
Lysosomes
the digestive system of the cell
Peroxisomes
break down molecules by the process of oxidation to produce hydrogen peroxide
Vacuoles
is used for storage of water, enzymes, waste and organelles. they help regulate the amount of fluid inside a cell
Ribosomes
it is a cell organelle
helps cell make proteins to function
it is found in all kinds of cells prokaryotic/ and eukaryotic
Centrioles
used for animal cells to reproduce, they release long stiff fibers called microtubules that split the cell apart during cell division
Nucleoli
help make ribosomes
Proteasomes
absorbs ubiquinone and breaks down into protein
flagella/cilia
both are used to move an entire cell
cilia
The function of cilia is to move water relative to the cell in a regular movement of the cilia
Flagella
Flagellum is primarily a motility organelle that enables movement and chemotaxis(stimulus chemical) or phototaxes(stimulus light)
*whip like extensions
*found on sperm cells
Know how to calculate magnification of light microscope
the eyepiece lens 10x multiplied by the objective lens (4x,10x,40 and 100x)
Highest maximum magnification is around 1000x
Microscopes
produce and enlarge image of an object
Know the different types of transport. Diffusion
Molecules move to equalize concentration
Osmosis
special form of diffusion, movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
→Into cell and
→out of cell
Facilitated Diffusion
Diffusion facilitated by transport protein molecules/ channels
Channels (are specific) help molecule or ions enter or leave the cell
Aquaporins facilitate the movement of water
No energy is used
Isotonic
Know the different types of solutions (iso, hyper and hypotonic)
Solutes equally inside and out of cell
Hypotonic
Solutes inside cell more than outside
Outside solvent will flow into cell
Hypertonic
Solutes greater outside cell
Fluid will flow out of cell
Principle of cell theory
All living things are made of cells
Cell is the basic unit of life
All cells arise from preexisting cells
Characteristics of all cells-
A surrounding cell membrane
protoplasm/cytoplasm- Thick fluid within cell
DNA-
Plasma membrane-
Phospholipid by layer
selectively permeable
Membrane proteins function as receptors
Integral proteins function as transporters
Cell wall
found in plants, fungi, it provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress and it has protists which surrounds plasma membrane
Cell wall differences
Plants - mostly cellulose
Fungi- contain chitin
Cytoskeleton-
3 functions
→ structural/mechanical support
→ anchor organelles
→ help move substances
–> transport
