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Biology 10 > CH. 2 > Flashcards

CH. 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Atoms

A

matter is composed of atoms, it is the smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles.
Atoms are electrically neutral, (# of protons= # of electrons)

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2
Q

Atomic number

A

of protons; defines atom

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3
Q

Atomic mass/mass number

A

of protons and # of neutrons

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4
Q

Ions-

A

ion is an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge

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5
Q

Isotopes

A

are atoms of the same element that have different #’s of neutrons

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6
Q

Acid

A

An acid is a chemical substance that donates a H^+ to a solution,

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7
Q

Base

A

a base accepts the H^+

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8
Q

Chemical bonds

A
  1. Ionic Bond
  2. Covalent Bond
  3. Hydrogen Bond
  4. Van Der Walls
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9
Q

Ionic Bond

A
  1. is formed between oppositely charged ions
  2. in forming an ionic bond, one atom gives up its outermost electrons to another atom
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10
Q

Covalent Bond

A

are formed when atom share outer shell electron pairs
carbon frequently forms covalent bonds with other atoms
it can be
* non- polar (non equal electrical charges and atoms)
* polar ( equal electrical charges charge and atoms)

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11
Q

Hydrogen bond(four)

A

Hydrogen bonding is the electrostatic attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom that is covalently bonded to a partially negative polar molecule

• Hydrogen bonds form between hydrogen and other polar atoms like O and N.
• Are weaker than covalent bonds. • Important bonds that form proteins and nucleic acid

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12
Q

Van der Waals

A

weak interactions between molecules

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13
Q

All living organisms depend on water
Water has several unique properties

A

Water is polar
Water stabilizes temperature
Water is an excellent solvent
Water is cohesive

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14
Q

Ph(6answers)

A

The ph of a solution is a measure of its acidity or basicity of liquid solution
anacidisaChemical substance donates H+ to a solution; a base accepts the H+
*Every time the ph changes by 1 unit the h+ ions change by 10 times
*Ph is measured using a litmus paper
*Ph scale ranges from 0-14

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15
Q

Monosaccharides

A

are sugars like glucose and fructose
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Deoxyribose
Ribose

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16
Q

Disaccharides

A

are composed of two monosaccharides, healed together by glycosidic bond

17
Q

Polysaccharides

A

are complex carbohydrates made of many thousands of monosaccharides
Ex.- starch and glycogen
Dehydration synthesis reaction

18
Q

Lipids/two

A

*Broad group of nonpolar, hydrophobic compounds
*Lipids are where hormones come from they are also an important constituent of the plasma membrane

19
Q

Lipids can be saturated and unsaturated

A

*Triglyceride is a fat molecule consisting of a glycerol and 3 FA tails
*Lipids include fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids
*Lipids provide insulation for plants and animals

20
Q

Hydrogenation

A

*Unsaturated fats can be cis or trans
*During hydrogenation process, the cis-conformation in the hydrocarbon chain may be converted to double bonds in the trans-conformation
*The orientation of the double bonds affects the chemical properties of the fat

21
Q

Proteins

A

*Function as transport agents in membrane
*Serve as enzymes

22
Q

Proteins are polymers of amino acids-

A

*There are 20 essential amino acids
*Sensitive to temperature and pH
*Easily denature
*Peptide bond is when amino acids are joined together

23
Q

Protein Structure

A

*Protein shape is made of ionic and hydrogen bonds
*When disrupted the protein is melted

24
Q

Nucleic acids

A

*Nucleotides are
composed of a sugar
molecule, a phosphate
group, and a nitrogenous
base.
*Are large information-containing polymers
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
and Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
are both composed of
nucleotides.

25
Q

DNA

A
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
    *DNA
    Genetic material
    Sugar is deoxy-ribose
    The basis are A, T, G and C
26
Q

RNA

A
  • ribonucleic acid
    *Genetic material in some viruses
    *Single stranded molecule that codes for protein
    *Bases are A, T, G and U
    *Sugar is ribose
27
Q

DNA AND RNA

A

are both composed of nucleotides

Biology 10 (9 decks)

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