CH.7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Know the difference between mitosis and meiosis

A

Mitosis is shown to produce 2 identical daughter cells vs. meiosis is where a single cell divides twice to produce 4 cells

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2
Q

Know all the phases of meiosis and what happens during each phase

A

Interphase
Prophase 1
Prometaphase 1
Metaphase 1
Anaphase 1
Telophase 1
Cytokenesis
Prophase 2
Prometaphase 2
Metaphase 2
Anaphase 2
Telophase 2

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3
Q

Know the cells in which mitosis and meiosis take place

A

Meiosis- Plant, animal and fungi
Mitosis- all organisms except virus

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4
Q

Know the meaning of homologous chromosomes

A

A pair of chromosomes made up of two homologs. Homologous chromosomes have corresponding DNA sequences and come from separate parents; one homolog comes from the mother and the other comes from the father.

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5
Q

Know the outcome of meiosis

A

Outcome: Four sex cells

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6
Q

Know what crossing over and independent assortment means and at what stage of meiosis they happen, know that they contribute to genetic variability

A
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7
Q

In prophase #1

A

crossing over occurs.

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8
Q

Crossing over

A

exchanging genetic material between homologous pairs of chromosomes

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9
Q

In metaphase #1

A

independent assortment occurs.

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10
Q

Independent assortment

A

produces 2n distinct
gametes, where n = the number of unique
chromosomes.
2. In humans, n = 23 and 223 = 8,388,608
combinations!

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11
Q

Know about errors in meiosis

A

Non disjunctions, Duplications, and
Deletions

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12
Q

Euploid

A

An individual with the appropriate
number of chromosomes

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13
Q

Aneuploid

A

An individual with an error in
chromosome number.
Monosomy loss of one chromosome
Trisomy gain of an extraneous chromosome.

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14
Q

Know about chromosomal abnormalities

A

disorder characterized by a morphological or numerical alteration in single or multiple chromosomes, affecting autosomes, sex chromosomes, or both.

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