Ch.9-10 Flashcards
What disease does the “mantoux” or “tine test” test for?
Tuberculosis
Is tuberculosis gram negative or positive?
Neither, it is “acid fast”
What is unique about mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall?
Waxy lipids called “mycolic acids” make up half or more of the envelope. This waxy layer is resistant to gram staining.
Generally speaking, how long is the antibiotic treatment for tuberculosis?
6 months - 2 years
During the 18th & 19th centuries, what disease was the cause of 25% of all adult deaths?
Tuberculosis
What is the drug isoniazid used to treat?
Tuberculosis
What type of organism is diphtheria?
Bacteria
Is Diphtheria graham positive or negative?
Gram positive
What is the mechanism of action of diphtheria?
Inhibits the 80s ribosomes of the host (prevents host cell protein synthesis). Affects the heart and nervous system and can cause death.
Describe the characteristics of the pertussis bacterium?
Gram?
Shape/organization?
Pertussis:
Gram negative
Coccobacillus
Is streptococcus gram negative or positive?
Gram positive
What is the bacterium that causes scarlet fever?
Streptococcus pyogenes
What is unusual about the morphology of Bordatella pertussis?
It is a coccobaccilus?
What are the 2 systems used to classify streptococci?
Lancefield’s grouping
Hemolysis type
What is the name of the bacteria known as group B strep?
In what relatively new site is group B strep found today?
Which people group are at risk from which diseases from group B strep?
S. agalactiae
Found in human vaginal tract.
Newborns are at risk for septicemia and meningitis.
What hemolytic classification is viridians strep?
What color will viridians strep produce on blood agar?
What particular disease does viridians strep cause?
Alpha hemolytic
Greenish Tinge
Sub-acute endocarditis
What chemical component of the cell wall is used to differentiate streptococci?
Cell-wall associated carbohydrate
In reference to Streptococcus pneumoniae (also called pneumococcus)
a. How does the capsule relate to virulence?
b. How many times can an individual can acquire pneumococcal pneumonia?
c. What group of strep is it?
d. Hemolytic group?
A. Only encapsulated strains are virulent
B. An individual can acquire pneumococcal pneumonia 90 times because there are 90 serovars.
C. Group D strep
D. Alpha hemolytic
List 2 unusual characteristics about Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacterium.
Is it gram negative or gram positive?
- No cell wall (peptidoglycan layer)
- Membranes contain sterols
Gram Negative
What disease is caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Describe how to diagnose the disease caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Walking Pneumonia
Observe increasing titers of cold agglutinins that cause RBC agglutination at refrigerator temperatures.
What is the prophylactic treatment for someone who comes in contact with a meningitis patient?
Rifampin
What is the most common cause of meningitis?
Is this bacteria gram negative or positive?
Hemophilus influenzae
Gram negative