Ch.11-12 Flashcards
What is the #1 infectious bacterium in the world?
Chlamydia
What bacterium causes gonorrhea?
How many hosts does this bacteria grow in?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Only grows in humans
Is Neisseria gonorrhoeae gram negative or positive?
What is its morphology?
Gram negative
Bean shaped pairs of cocci
How is gonorrhea treated?
Penicillin or ceftriaxone
Describe the 3 stages of syphilis:
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary: chancre full of organisms
Secondary: rash on palms and feet, with fluid full of organisms
Tertiary: “gumma” - auto immune response that causes destruction of soft tissue of bone, heart, brain, and internal viscera.
How is syphilis treated?
Penicillin for the primary and secondary phases.
About 20 years after a syphilis infection, a group of mental illnesses can develop. What is this called?
general paresis
What percentage of syphilis infections are asymptomatic?
Males:
Females:
Males: 30%
Females: 70%
What are the 2 primary sexually transmitted viruses that affect the urogenital tract?
herpes simplex virus 2 - HSV-2
human papilloma virus - HPV
What is acyclovir used to treat?
Herpes
What disease does Treponema pallidum cause?
What is its morphology?
Syphilis
Spiral-shaped
What virus causes genital warts?
HPV (human papilloma virus)
Amphotericin B, ketoconazole, and fluconazole may all be used to treat what condition?
Candidiasis (yeast infection)
What is trichomoniasis?
A urogenital disease affecting both men and women, caused by the protozoan “Trichomonas vaginalis”
What is a common name for vulvovaginitis?
Yeast infection or candidiasis
Staph. aureus has a surface protien which accepts one end of human antibodies, essentially disguising it from the human immune system. What is this protein called?
Protein A
What is the common name for Hansen’s disease?
Leprosy
What is the primary antibiotic used to treat leprosy?
dapsone
What animal is a source of anthrax seen in the United States?
Cattle
How fast does M. leprae grow?
Very slowly, with a possible incubation time of 2-10 years before symptoms appear.
Besides humans, what is the only other mammal known to get leprosy?
9-banded armadillo (Texas)
What does the organism C. perfringens cause?
Gas Gangrene
What species of Staphylococcus is coagulase positive?
S. aureus
What % of people in the hospital are carriers of staphylococci?
30-50%
How temperature stable is S. aureus?
It is not killed by either freezing or food-warming temps.
What year was smallpox eradicated?
1977
What is the term used to describe an animal with with rabies that has pain when swallowing and will therefore refuse to even look at water and will drool?
Hydrophobia
Is a post exposure rabies vaccination effective?
Yes, due to the very slow travel rate of the virus.
Brain tissue of an animal infected with rabies will show black inclusions called …..
Negri Bodies
What causes warts?
papilloma viruses
Approx. what % of people are infected with HSV-1?
95%
What virus is strongly associated with Kaposi’s Sarcoma?
HHV-8
Human Herpes Virus 8
__________ ___________ is a latent infection of the eye, causing sharp pain, sensitivity to light, and vision loss. May require cornea replacement.
Herpes keratitis
Where do herpes viruses replicate?
In a cells nucleus.
What are the primary and recurrent diseases of HSV-1?
Primary: gingivostomatitis
Recurrent: herpes labialis
Skin diseases caused by fungus are called:
The fungi that cause the diseases are called:
mycoses
dermatophytes
What is candidiasis referred to when it occurs in the mouth?
Thrush or “oral thrush”
Rose thorn disease is a common name for which infection?
Sporotrichosis
