Ch8: STIs Flashcards
Theories about the origin of syphilis (2)
1: may have begun in New World and been brought back to Europe by Columbus and his explorers
2: syphilis was already in Europe, just referred to as leprosy
Syphilis has also been referred to as
The “pox”
Syphilis treatment throughout history
16th cent, 20th cent, mid-20th cent
First mercury (1500) Then arsenic (1900s) Then penicillin (1940s)
When was the Tuskegee study?
1932-1972; 40 years
When did herpes come into cultural consciousness
1980s, known for being incurable
“Era of sexually transmitted diseases” happened around the ____ with which diseases
198s; HPV and HIV
How did HIV/AIDS happen
Humans butchering infected primates
1910 and 1950s
In the 1980s and 1990s, what was the #1 cause of death in men under 50?
AIDS :(
Worldwide, how many people live with HIV today?
37 million
How many new HIV infections occur each year
2,000,000
How many Canadians live with HIV today?
71,000
Population most affected by chlamydia in Canada
Young straight ppl 20-24
Chlamydia consequences (women) (5)
Infection may spread to uterus and Fallopian tubes
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP)
Scarring can lead to infertility
Increased risk for ectopic pregnancy
What is PID and what causes it
PID = Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Chlamydia!
Chlamydia consequences men (3)
Inflammation in epididymis (epididymitis)
Inflammation in urethra (urethritis)
Infertility
Chlamydia treatment and prevention
Oral antibiotics
Condom use
Gonorrhoea highest incidence
Men who have sex with men
Travellers who have sex abroad
Gonorrhea - symptoms
Yellow-green pus-like discharge from vag, urethra, anus
Throat pain common in cases of oral gonorrhea
Can cause PID in women > infertility
Rarely: untreated gonorrhea > bloodstream > joints, skin, organ tissues, brain
Chlamydia has high confection rate with
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea treatment and prevention
Antibiotics
Condoms
Syphilis highest incident
Men who have sex with men
Travellers who have sex abroad
ppl living in or visiting areas of canada with outbreaks
Primary syphilis symptoms
Painless skin ulcers (open sore)
Swelling of lymph nodes near site of contact
Secondary syphilis symptoms
Rash on hands, feet, trunk
some have flat warty lesions on anogenital area
Patches of erosion or whitish skin in mouth or anogenital area
fever Malaise Jaundice Muscle/joint aches Patchy loss of hair
Tertiary syphilis symptoms
Blood vessels Heart Eyes Nervous system damage (sensory, brain) can occur - psychosis! “Syphilitic insanity”
Syphilis infection increases risk of contracting
HIV
Syphilis treatment and prevention
Penicillin injection
Condoms!
HSV 1: Where is it?
Both orolabial and anogenital
HSV2: Where is it?
Only anogenital
Canadian prevalence for herpes
2013: 13.6% of Canadians tested positive for HSV-2
Herpes transmission
Any type of genital/oral contact
Childbirth
Can be transmitted even if asymptomatic :’(
Herpes symptoms: orolabial symptoms and genital symptoms
Orolabial: cold sore
Anogenital, first time: lesions on both sides of genitals
Anogenital, recurrence: lesions on only one side of genitals
Herpes effects on babies infected at birth
infants with herpes maybe experience major neurological impairments :’( and in some cases, death :’(
Herpes treatment and prevention
Condoms work, but herpes can also occur in areas that condoms don’t cover.
Antiviral drugs can prevent or shorten outbreaks if taken when symptoms are prodromal.
HPV: what is it?
Genital warts!
HPV: How many types are there in total, and how many infect the anogenital region?
120 total; 40 affect butt
What fucking percentage of Canadians will become infected by a type of anogenital warts in their lifetime?
80 FUCKING PERCENT
How is HPV transmitted
Skin-skin contact
HPV at risk
Immunocompromised, men who have sex with men, everyone who has sex tbh
HIV: at-risk people
MSM
Injection drug users
People from countries where HIV is endemic
Endemic
Something (usually a disease) that is common or of a chronic prevalence in a certain area
HIV transmission
When HIV+ person’s blood & bodily fluids contact HIV- person’s mucosa and bloodstream
Sex, drugs, HIV-infected moms giving birth
Mucosa
Lining of many bodily orifices
HIV: antiretroviral drug side effects + one downside
Nausea, diarrhea, abnormal fat deposits
Rigorous consistency is required
Viral load
Virus per mL of blood
HIV: prevention
Condoms are highly effective
Pre-exposure prophylaxis of antiretroviral drugs for those high at risk
In Canada, antiretroviral drugs are covered in
BC AB Northwest Territories Nunavut PEI New Brunswick
Not in Sask, MB, ON, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Yukon Territories. :(
pre-
What is hepatitis?
What are some of its symptoms?
inflammation of liver tissue
Jaundice and flu-like symptoms
Hep A:
How is it transmitted? What population(s) is it prevalent in?
Transmission: Mainly by fecal-oral routes, eg. Oral-anal sex, contaminated food and water
Populations:
- “closed” communities where everyone eats the same food—an infected batch of food is served to many people
Eg. Prison - MSM
Hep B:
How is it transmitted? What population(s) is it prevalent in?
Transmission: through sexual contact, sharing drug paraphernalia, sharing sex toys
Populations:
- MSM
- injection drug users
- ppl from countries where disease is prevalent
- places with poor blood screening and poor equipment sterilization
Hep C:
How is it transmitted? What population(s) is it prevalent in?
Transmission: Blood contact Sharing drug paraphernalia Sexual activities that cause trauma at the sites of sexual contact But not through most sexual activities
Populations:
Injection drug users
Countries where there is poor infection control in health care settings
MSM
Trichomoniasis
What is it
Parasitic infection
Trichomoniasis symptoms
Women: Can have profuse yellow vaginal discharge, although is often asymptomatic
Men: often asymptomatic
Unisex: pain upon peeing and genital itching
Course of trichomoniasis (5)
Potential infertility Risk of cervical cancer Inflammation of endometrium Inflammation of uterus Premature delivery
Trichomoniasis treatment and prevention
Treatment: oral drug
Prevention: condoms
Pubic lice and scabies: transmission
Direct contact
Contact with sheets and towels! Ew
