Ch8: STIs Flashcards by Stephanie c

Theories about the origin of syphilis (2)

1: may have begun in New World and been brought back to Europe by Columbus and his explorers
2: syphilis was already in Europe, just referred to as leprosy

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Syphilis has also been referred to as

The “pox”

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Syphilis treatment throughout history

16th cent, 20th cent, mid-20th cent

First mercury (1500)
Then arsenic (1900s)
Then penicillin (1940s)

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When was the Tuskegee study?

1932-1972; 40 years

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When did herpes come into cultural consciousness

1980s, known for being incurable

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“Era of sexually transmitted diseases” happened around the ____ with which diseases

198s; HPV and HIV

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How did HIV/AIDS happen

Humans butchering infected primates

1910 and 1950s

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In the 1980s and 1990s, what was the #1 cause of death in men under 50?

AIDS :(

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Worldwide, how many people live with HIV today?

37 million

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How many new HIV infections occur each year

2,000,000

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How many Canadians live with HIV today?

71,000

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Population most affected by chlamydia in Canada

Young straight ppl 20-24

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Chlamydia consequences (women) (5)

Infection may spread to uterus and Fallopian tubes
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP)

Scarring can lead to infertility
Increased risk for ectopic pregnancy

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What is PID and what causes it

PID = Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Chlamydia!

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Chlamydia consequences men (3)

Inflammation in epididymis (epididymitis)
Inflammation in urethra (urethritis)
Infertility

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Chlamydia treatment and prevention

Oral antibiotics

Condom use

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Gonorrhoea highest incidence

Men who have sex with men

Travellers who have sex abroad

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Gonorrhea - symptoms

Yellow-green pus-like discharge from vag, urethra, anus

Throat pain common in cases of oral gonorrhea

Can cause PID in women > infertility

Rarely: untreated gonorrhea > bloodstream > joints, skin, organ tissues, brain

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Chlamydia has high confection rate with

Gonorrhea

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Gonorrhea treatment and prevention

Antibiotics

Condoms

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Syphilis highest incident

Men who have sex with men
Travellers who have sex abroad
ppl living in or visiting areas of canada with outbreaks

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Primary syphilis symptoms

Painless skin ulcers (open sore)

Swelling of lymph nodes near site of contact

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Secondary syphilis symptoms

Rash on hands, feet, trunk

some have flat warty lesions on anogenital area

Patches of erosion or whitish skin in mouth or anogenital area

fever
Malaise
Jaundice
Muscle/joint aches
Patchy loss of hair

Tertiary syphilis symptoms

Blood vessels
Heart
Eyes
Nervous system damage (sensory, brain) can occur
- psychosis!
“Syphilitic insanity”

Syphilis infection increases risk of contracting

HIV

Syphilis treatment and prevention

Penicillin injection | Condoms!

HSV 1: Where is it?

Both orolabial and anogenital

HSV2: Where is it?

Only anogenital

Canadian prevalence for herpes

2013: 13.6% of Canadians tested positive for HSV-2

Herpes transmission

Any type of genital/oral contact Childbirth Can be transmitted even if asymptomatic :’(

Herpes symptoms: orolabial symptoms and genital symptoms

Orolabial: cold sore Anogenital, first time: lesions on both sides of genitals Anogenital, recurrence: lesions on only one side of genitals

Herpes effects on babies infected at birth

infants with herpes maybe experience major neurological impairments :’( and in some cases, death :’(

Herpes treatment and prevention

Condoms work, but herpes can also occur in areas that condoms don’t cover. Antiviral drugs can prevent or shorten outbreaks if taken when symptoms are prodromal.

HPV: what is it?

Genital warts!

HPV: How many types are there in total, and how many infect the anogenital region?

120 total; 40 affect butt

What fucking percentage of Canadians will become infected by a type of anogenital warts in their lifetime?

80 FUCKING PERCENT

How is HPV transmitted

Skin-skin contact

HPV at risk

Immunocompromised, men who have sex with men, everyone who has sex tbh

HIV: at-risk people

MSM Injection drug users People from countries where HIV is endemic

Endemic

Something (usually a disease) that is common or of a chronic prevalence in a certain area

HIV transmission

When HIV+ person’s blood & bodily fluids contact HIV- person’s mucosa and bloodstream Sex, drugs, HIV-infected moms giving birth

Mucosa

Lining of many bodily orifices

HIV: antiretroviral drug side effects + one downside

Nausea, diarrhea, abnormal fat deposits Rigorous consistency is required

Viral load

Virus per mL of blood

HIV: prevention

Condoms are highly effective Pre-exposure prophylaxis of antiretroviral drugs for those high at risk

In Canada, antiretroviral drugs are covered in ``` BC AB Northwest Territories Nunavut PEI New Brunswick ``` Not in Sask, MB, ON, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Yukon Territories. :(

pre-

What is hepatitis? What are some of its symptoms?

inflammation of liver tissue Jaundice and flu-like symptoms

Hep A: ``` How is it transmitted? What population(s) is it prevalent in? ```

Transmission: Mainly by fecal-oral routes, eg. Oral-anal sex, contaminated food and water Populations: * “closed” communities where everyone eats the same food—an infected batch of food is served to many people Eg. Prison * MSM

Hep B: ``` How is it transmitted? What population(s) is it prevalent in? ```

Transmission: through sexual contact, sharing drug paraphernalia, sharing sex toys Populations: * MSM * injection drug users * ppl from countries where disease is prevalent * places with poor blood screening and poor equipment sterilization

Hep C: ``` How is it transmitted? What population(s) is it prevalent in? ```

``` Transmission: Blood contact Sharing drug paraphernalia Sexual activities that cause trauma at the sites of sexual contact But not through most sexual activities ``` Populations: Injection drug users Countries where there is poor infection control in health care settings MSM

Trichomoniasis | What is it

Parasitic infection

Trichomoniasis symptoms

Women: Can have profuse yellow vaginal discharge, although is often asymptomatic Men: often asymptomatic Unisex: pain upon peeing and genital itching

Course of trichomoniasis (5)

``` Potential infertility Risk of cervical cancer Inflammation of endometrium Inflammation of uterus Premature delivery ```

Trichomoniasis treatment and prevention

Treatment: oral drug Prevention: condoms

Pubic lice and scabies: transmission

Direct contact | Contact with sheets and towels! Ew