Ch2: Theoretical Approaches Flashcards
Oral fixation was thought to lead to ___ in adulthood
Dependent and/or aggressive personalities
Anal fixation thought to lead to ___ in adulthood
Either very orderly or very careless personality
Fixation at phallic state thought to lead to
Problems in gender role identification, intimate relationships, delaying gratification
Weird shit that happens in phallic stage
Boys: develop Oedipus complex; competition with father leads to castration anxiety
Girls: Develop attachment to mother first, attachment shifts to father because of penis envy
In the latency stage…
Sexual feelings repressed
Libidinal energy is dormant? FUcking seirousLY? From ages 6 to puberty?
GENITAL STAGE
Libidal energy awakens from its slumber
Sexual feelings directed at others for gratification
women evolve orgasmically
What is social learning theory?
That learning occurs through observing other people’s attitudes, behaviours and outcomes
Social learning theory is a lil bit of ___ sprinkled in with a bit of ____
Operant conditioning and environmetnal factors and shit
Social exchange theory
Cost-benefit analysis in relationships Based on 4 things 1. Cost-benefit 2. Equity/equality 3. Comparison level: input vs output 4. Comparison level: other relationships
Cognitive theories
Dissecting people’s distortions in cognition in affecting their sexual behaviours/causing distress in sexual situations
Ex of cognitive theory in sex
Erroneous belief that women should come from vaginal stim, woman feels inadequate/defective for not being able to, causes anxiety surrounding sex
BIOLOGICAL THEORIES ooooOOOO YEAAHHHH 😫😫😫💦💦💦
Genetic
Sociobiological theory
Dual control model
~ Sociobiological theory ~
Application of evolutionary biology to explain social behaviours
Sociobiological concepts that may appear on ur exam
Natural selection > sexual selection > intrasexual & intersexual selection
Gender differences:
* Women: invest more in pregnancy and child rearing; incentive to mate with good genes and who wants to protect offspring
* Men: Can never be sure if they’re biological father. Incentive to “spread seed” OR select one mate and invest heavily into their offspring.
]
[sociobiological theory] [birds]
Males investing heavily and mating little ==>
Males investing little and mating widely ==>
Males investing heavily and mating little ==> birds with little difference in appearance swallows
Males investing little and mating widely ==> birds with noticeable diffferences (peacocks)
DUAL CONTROL MODEL OF SEXUALITY
Theory & authors
study of evolutionarily adapted excitatory and inhibitory neural responses…in relation to sexuality
Bancroft & Jansen
Dual control model examples
- crisis, eg. war and famine: sexual responses are repressed (inhibited)
- women exhibit stronger tendency toward inhibitory while men to excitatory
Genetic theory influences…
- hormonal makeup
- reproductive cycles
- sexual orientation!!
- conception
- genetic disorders
Genetic theory & sexual orientation
Identical twins have higher concordance rate for same-sex attraction than fraternal twins or adopted siblings
Suggests genetics wow
Genetic concordance for The Big Gay on which chromosomes?
8 and X, for men only
Sociological theory, social script theory, ecological model, feminist theory, queer theory
Are
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONIST THEORIES HAWWWWWWWWWWW YEEEAAAAAAAHHHH
Sociological theory
social contexts, social institutes (religion, family)
Impact how sexuality is defined & acceptably expressed in a given society
Social script theory
Within sex, eg. Kissing > touching > oral > intercourse
Theories of how adherence or digression from scripts can affect sexual satisfaction.
Ecological model
Framework of environmental influences on sexual functions…
Feminist theory
Society has been shaped around heterosexual male desires, fostering gender inequality
Examples of feminist theory:
“Typical” intercourse, focus on male orgasm in porn, female pleasure seen as optional or secondary
- criticism of medicalizing female sexuality, eg. Giving pill to women instead of men, selling “female viagra”, labiaplasties
Queer theory
Emerged in 1990s
Gender as social construct > GENDERED SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR as social construct!!!!
Think Japanese porn: girl is bashful, cute
Vs. Western porn: woman is looking at the camera, in heavy makeup and lingerie
