Ch2: Theoretical Approaches

Question 1

Oral fixation was thought to lead to ___ in adulthood

Answer 1

Dependent and/or aggressive personalities

Question 2

Anal fixation thought to lead to ___ in adulthood

Answer 2

Either very orderly or very careless personality

Question 3

Fixation at phallic state thought to lead to

Answer 3

Problems in gender role identification, intimate relationships, delaying gratification

Question 4

Weird shit that happens in phallic stage

Answer 4

Boys: develop Oedipus complex; competition with father leads to castration anxiety
Girls: Develop attachment to mother first, attachment shifts to father because of penis envy

Question 5

In the latency stage…

Answer 5

Sexual feelings repressed

Libidinal energy is dormant? FUcking seirousLY? From ages 6 to puberty?

Question 6

GENITAL STAGE

Answer 6

Libidal energy awakens from its slumber
Sexual feelings directed at others for gratification
women evolve orgasmically

Question 7

What is social learning theory?

Answer 7

That learning occurs through observing other people’s attitudes, behaviours and outcomes

Question 8

Social learning theory is a lil bit of ___ sprinkled in with a bit of ____

Answer 8

Operant conditioning and environmetnal factors and shit

Question 9

Social exchange theory

Answer 9

Cost-benefit analysis in relationships
Based on 4 things
1. Cost-benefit
2. Equity/equality
3. Comparison level: input vs output
4. Comparison level: other relationships

Question 10

Cognitive theories

Answer 10

Dissecting people’s distortions in cognition in affecting their sexual behaviours/causing distress in sexual situations

Question 11

Ex of cognitive theory in sex

Answer 11

Erroneous belief that women should come from vaginal stim, woman feels inadequate/defective for not being able to, causes anxiety surrounding sex

Question 12

BIOLOGICAL THEORIES ooooOOOO YEAAHHHH 😫😫😫💦💦💦

Answer 12

Genetic
Sociobiological theory
Dual control model

Question 13

~ Sociobiological theory ~

Answer 13

Application of evolutionary biology to explain social behaviours

Question 14

Sociobiological concepts that may appear on ur exam

Answer 14

Natural selection > sexual selection > intrasexual & intersexual selection

Gender differences:
* Women: invest more in pregnancy and child rearing; incentive to mate with good genes and who wants to protect offspring
* Men: Can never be sure if they’re biological father. Incentive to “spread seed” OR select one mate and invest heavily into their offspring.
]

Question 15

[sociobiological theory] [birds]

Males investing heavily and mating little ==>
Males investing little and mating widely ==>

Answer 15

Males investing heavily and mating little ==> birds with little difference in appearance swallows
Males investing little and mating widely ==> birds with noticeable diffferences (peacocks)

Question 16

DUAL CONTROL MODEL OF SEXUALITY

Theory & authors

Answer 16

study of evolutionarily adapted excitatory and inhibitory neural responses…in relation to sexuality

Bancroft & Jansen

Question 17

Dual control model examples

Answer 17

• crisis, eg. war and famine: sexual responses are repressed (inhibited)
• women exhibit stronger tendency toward inhibitory while men to excitatory

Question 18

Genetic theory influences…

Answer 18

• hormonal makeup
• reproductive cycles
• sexual orientation!!
• conception
• genetic disorders

Question 19

Genetic theory & sexual orientation

Answer 19

Identical twins have higher concordance rate for same-sex attraction than fraternal twins or adopted siblings
Suggests genetics wow

Question 20

Genetic concordance for The Big Gay on which chromosomes?

Answer 20

8 and X, for men only

Question 21

Sociological theory, social script theory, ecological model, feminist theory, queer theory

Are

Answer 21

SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONIST THEORIES HAWWWWWWWWWWW YEEEAAAAAAAHHHH

Question 22

Sociological theory

Answer 22

social contexts, social institutes (religion, family)

Impact how sexuality is defined & acceptably expressed in a given society

Question 23

Social script theory

Answer 23

Within sex, eg. Kissing > touching > oral > intercourse

Theories of how adherence or digression from scripts can affect sexual satisfaction.

Question 24

Ecological model

Answer 24

Framework of environmental influences on sexual functions…

Question 25

Feminist theory

Answer 25

Society has been shaped around heterosexual male desires, fostering gender inequality

Question 26

Examples of feminist theory:

Answer 26

“Typical” intercourse, focus on male orgasm in porn, female pleasure seen as optional or secondary

• criticism of medicalizing female sexuality, eg. Giving pill to women instead of men, selling “female viagra”, labiaplasties

Question 27

Queer theory

Answer 27

Emerged in 1990s

Gender as social construct > GENDERED SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR as social construct!!!!
Think Japanese porn: girl is bashful, cute
Vs. Western porn: woman is looking at the camera, in heavy makeup and lingerie