17 Flashcards
According to the RCMP, ___ people are trafficked in and thru canada each year
800-1200
Risk factors of sex trafficking
Poverty
Domestic violence
High crime
Sexual assault risk factors
Being a woman: 7x more likely than men
Indigenous individuals: 3x more likely
Non-straight people: 5x more likely
Uni-aged women
Rape trauma syndrome has 2 phases…name & describe them
Acute phase: immediately after assault
- 1-2 months
- intense fear, anger, depression, disbelief, self-blame
Reorganizational phase: months-years post-assault
* victim attempting to take control, may even make positive changes while re-gaining sense of control
Average recovery time from sexual assault
Most victims feel like they’ve recovered within 5 years
1/3 have substantial difficulty that continues beyond five years
Sex offenders likely to offend if
- they lack social support
- they misuse drugs
- have access to victims
Cultures with this factor show higher rates of sexual assault
Greater gender inequity
Greater intolerance regarding sexual orientation
Are anti-sexual assault policies actually effective?
Absolutely. They must be specific and clear. A lack of such policies is associated with higher prevalence of sexual assaults.
How many of accused sexual offenders are male?
97%
Core risk factors of sexual offenders! (5)
- Intimacy Deficits
- Offence-supporting social influences
- Offence-supportive attitudes
- Limited sexual self-regulation
- Limited general self-regulation
Lalumiere: personal characteristics, etiology of sexually assaultive behaviour
- “young male syndrome”
- willingness to engage in risky violent competitive behaviour to assert dominance
- competitive disadvantage
- young children disadvantaged early in life from “neurodevelopmental insults”
- psychopathy
- psychopathic bhvr more likely to be premeditated than reactive
Perpetrators seek vulnerable women
Victims often have these characteristics:
- poor psychological adjustment
- be insecure in relationships
- have been victims previously
What is effective for preventing sexual victimization against women?
- self-defence training
- assertiveness training
- verbal and physical resistance! (Screaming, biting, hitting)
What isn’t effective in preventing sexual violence?
Non-forceful verbal resistance strategies, such as pleading, crying, and reasoning
Post-rape, what forensic evidence can be collected? What medical treatments are necessary? What is the window for these procedures?
Collecting internal forensic samples
medications to prevent HIV/AIDS and other STI’s
Plan B
72 hours
Legal penalty for sexual assault
18 months and/or $5,000 fine
- 10 years in prison
Sexual assault with a weapon
MAXIMUM PENALTY of 14 years
Aggravated sexual assault (perpetrator wounds, disfigures, or endangers life of victim)
Maximum sentence of life in prison
In Canada, what is the median sentence for sexual assault?
360 days
Vs. 540 days for robbery
What percentage of men have been victims of sexual assault?
0.2% - 30%
Average age range for men sexually assaulted by men
Victim is usually under 15
When men are assaulted by female perpetrators, what is the average age range?
18-22
When men get sexually assaulted…
They are more likely to be physically hurt, verbally pressured, or given alcohol/drugs by male perpetrators.
T/F?
False! Those are equally likely between both male and female perpetrators
Childhood sexual abuse prevalence estimates? (1 for each gender)
- 8% of men
15. 2% of women
