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PSYC 204 > Ch5: Sex Hormones & Human Sexuality > Flashcards

Ch5: Sex Hormones & Human Sexuality Flashcards

1
Q

Etymology of hormone

A

Greek “ormao” = to excite or arouse

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2
Q

Organs that secrete hormones into blood, affecting distant tissues!!

A

Endocrine organs

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3
Q

TRUE/FALSE: you need a shit ton of hormones to kick-start puberty

A

False!!! Small traces of hormones kick-start puberty!

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4
Q

Main sex hormones??? (3)

A

Androgens, estrogens, progestogens

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5
Q

~ the master gland~ that controls most other endocrine glands

A

Pituitary!

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6
Q

Birth rates highest in which season?

A

Late summer & early autumn

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7
Q

Birth rates lowest in???

A

Late winter;;;; early spring;;;;

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8
Q

What people doing in the darkest winter months?

A

Conceiving babies

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9
Q

What people doing in late summer and early autumn?

A

Giving birth

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10
Q

Menstrual cycle has 3 phases;;; what they called?

A

Follicular, ovulatory, luteal

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11
Q

Follicular phase is also the _____ phase.

A

Proliferative

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12
Q

What happens during the follicular phase?

A

(Same as proliferative phase)

Menstruation occurs at the very beginning

Also buildup of endometrium stimulated by estrogen

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13
Q

What happens during the ovulatory phase?

A

Spike in 2 hormones, promoting ovulation and ovaries’ production of estrogen and progesterone

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14
Q

What hormones increase during ovulatory phase?

A

Spike in 2 hormones

  • luteinizing hormone
  • follicle stimulating hormone
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15
Q

What happens during the luteal phase?

A

Progesterone increases complexity of endometrium

without conception, period will occur in next phase (which is follicular)

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16
Q

How does hormonal contraceptive work?

A
  • Combination pills: suppress hormones that occur during ovulation: luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone
  • Stops ovulation, may also change cervical mucous and lining of the womb to prevent implantation
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17
Q

PMS/PMDD: negative mood most commonly reported during _______ phase of menstrual cycle

A

Luteal

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18
Q

Has a direct relationship between ovarian hormones and mood been established?

A

No

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19
Q

True or false: administering estrogen has a consistently negative effect on people’s mood.

A

False: administering estrogen has mixed effects

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20
Q

Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone have a role in male development and reproduction as well. Describe these roles. (2 points)

A

Luteinizing hormone binds to cells inside testes, sends signal to secrete testosterone. Testosterone is needed for sperm production.

Levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone remain relatively constant in boys/men following puberty.

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21
Q

What are secondary sexual characteristics? 2 pts

A

Developed during puberty

Triggered by activation of HPG axis

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22
Q

What’s that HPG axis again?

A

Hypothalamus pituitary gonadal axis

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23
Q

Hypothalamus role in sex

A

Highly responsive to hormones!
PRODUCES sex hormones
Influences sexual acts
Influences people’s perception of sexuality?

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24
Q

Male secondary sex characteristics (4)

A

Increased muscle mass
Facial hair
Growth of testes
Lowering of voice

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25
Q

Female secondary sex characteristics

A

Widening of hips and pelvis
Growth of breasts
Increased fat tissue in arms, thighs, and buttocks

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26
Q

HOW HORMONES AFFECT SEXUALITY

A

Title card

27
Q

What hormone, when administered, increases genital sexual arousal?

A

Testosterone

28
Q

What hormone, when administered, increases vaginal wall thickness, elasticity, lubrications, and vasocongestion?

A

Estradiol

29
Q

There is a certain type of hormones that is thought to be linked to sex drive and desire…what is it?

A

Androgens

30
Q

True or false: sexual activity increases levels of testosterone

A

True for women! “Probably true” for men

31
Q

For women, what actions impact sex-related hormones? 2points

A

Intimate physical contact, even of a non-sexual nature, can increase testosterone in women.

Sexual arousal decreases cortisol and increases estradiol.

32
Q

In men, do T levels always change in response to sexual context?

A

Their T levels MAY vary in response to sexual context.

33
Q

Hormonal changes in response to your romantic partner just being there

A

Lowers testosterone, both in same-sex relationships and mixed-sex relationships

34
Q

Sexual hormones change in response to both actions and thoughts! What are the hormonal changes experienced in response to sexual thoughts? (1 per gender)

A

Men: increase testosterone
Women: increase estradiol

35
Q

OXYTOCIN AND VASOPRESSIN

A

Title card

36
Q

Oxytocin is associated with… (MANY THINGS! 6 things!)

A

Bonding, childbirth, lactation, and maternal behaviour

Increase in affiliating behaviour, psychologically lubricating the way for sexual contact

Being in love!

37
Q

What happens when u administer oxytocin

A

Increased perception of a potential partner’s trustworthiness and attractiveness

38
Q

Vasopressin is associated with…

A

Fluid balance, heart rate, cardiovascular autonomic regulation, and multiple aspects of social and sexual functioning.

39
Q

Pheromones are produced in what gland?

A

Apocrine glands (armpit and pubic areas)

40
Q

True/false: do pheromones influence sexual behaviour of insects?

A

True!

41
Q

What other species are impacted by pheromones?

A

Fish, reptiles, amphibians, mammals

42
Q

What are the 4 types of pheromones?

A

Territorial
Menstrual/fertile
Sexual
Maternal/infant

43
Q

So menstrual synchrony IS a thing. What happens?

A

Menstrual pheromones cause women to sync up

44
Q

MHC

A

Title card

45
Q

Who can detect armpit compounds better, men or women?

A

Women

46
Q

When can women best detect armpit compounds?

A

During fertile phase of menstrual cycle

47
Q

When do men find women’s scent more attractive

A

When she’s in fertile phase

48
Q

Do women prefer similar or dissimilar t-shirt scent?

A

Dissimilar overall, but when they’re on hormonal contraceptive, similar!

49
Q

MHC & Cheating behaviour

A

Women with similar major histocompatibility complex to husbands are more likely to have sex outside of the relationship than men who have a dissimilar MHC :’(

The cheating behaviour usually happens during the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle

50
Q

Perimenopause

A

occurs PRIOR to menopause

Usually late forties

51
Q

Why does perimenopause happen?

A

Decline in estrogen and progestogen

52
Q

What symptoms of perimenopause may be experienced?

A

Hot flashes, sleep disruption, night sweats, joint pain, irritability

53
Q

Postmenopausal

A

A woman who has not hard a period in one year or more

54
Q

Generally, how old are postmenopausal women?

A

45-55

55
Q

What hormonal changes occur to postmenopausal women?

A

Declining estradiol > change in libido

56
Q

How can menopause affect ppl

A

Lower arousal, enjoyment, and ability to orgasm, sexual activity & responsiveness

Perception of herself, her sexuality, and body can change

57
Q

Most common sexual disorder among women of all ages?

A

“Low desire!”

58
Q

The most common sexual disorder among women of all ages is _________ and occurs at a prevalence of _________ in Western countries.

A

Low desire

34-43% of women in Western countries!!

59
Q

In postmenopausal women, what treatmen can be administered to increase sexual behaviour

A

Injecting estradiol-androgen

Perhaps maybe CBT to relieve stress?

60
Q

Andropause

A

Men: testosterone dropping

61
Q

Non-sexual symptoms of andropause (5)

A

Decreased strength and energy

Increased irritability

Decreased well-being

Changes in cognitive function

Bone and muscle loss

62
Q

Controversy within andropause discourse…

A

It’s likely not all because of testosterone loss!

Testosterone administration does not fix this, unless there is HYPOGONADISM

63
Q

Hypogonadism

A

Condition where gonads produce little to no hormone

PSYC 204 (14 decks)

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