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PSYC 204 > Ch4: Genital Anatomy & Sex Response > Flashcards

Ch4: Genital Anatomy & Sex Response Flashcards

1
Q

Mons Pubis

  • location
  • function
A

Fatty pad of tissue at junction of left and right pubic bone

Functions: pheromones signalling, protection against friction during coitus, signalling sexual maturity

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2
Q

Clitoris contains similar receptors to…

A

Glans penis

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3
Q

Most common way for women to feel aroused and to orgasm

A

Clitoris!

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4
Q

During fertile stage of the menstrual cycle, what increases?

A

The clitoris increases in volume during that phase! Wow!

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5
Q

Other parts of the clitoris (2)

A

CRURA & VESTIBULAR BULBS

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6
Q

WHAT IS CRURA

A

Project inward, running along bones that define the perineum

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7
Q

Vestibular bulbs

A

Clitoral tissue that runs into the body along sides of vagina. Has erectile tissue similar to the spongy bodies of the penis

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8
Q

Vulvar vestibule

A

Sensitive entranceway to vaginal and urethral openings

* Considered erogenous zone

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9
Q

Painful condition that makes vulvar vestibule extremely sensitive

A

Provoked vestibulodynia. Sensitivity to penetration from intercourse or even just a speculum.

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10
Q

About __% of women worldwide have experienced female genital mutilation.

A

15

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11
Q

Female genital mutilation affects _____ girls each year.

A

2 million or more.

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12
Q

Reasons for FGM

A
  • ensures chastity before marriage
  • rite of passage securing marriage
  • hygienic/aesthetic (external genitals dirty/unsightly by some)
  • religious requirements
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13
Q

3 vaginal layers:

A

Vaginal mucosa, middle layer, and deepest layer

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14
Q

Outermost vaginal layer called

A

Vaginal mucosa

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15
Q

Vaginal mucosa

A

Similar in texture to inside the mouth
Releases secretions to maintain chemical balance
Also releases lube when sexually aroused

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16
Q

Vaginal middle layer

A

Muscular, more prominent in vagina in outermost third

Tighten during arousal and contract rhythmically during orgasm

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17
Q

Vaginal deepest layer

A

Fibrous tissue, keeps the vagina in the pelvis

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18
Q

Which part of vag is richest in sensory nerve endings?

A

Lowest third! That’s why ppl don’t feel tampons or diaphragms inside the vagina

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19
Q

Bartholin glands

A

Small pair of glands lying next to vagina

Function unknown, may contribute to lubrication just before orgasm

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20
Q

Skene’s glands (3 points)

A
  • Pair of glands on the front wall of vagina
  • Ducts empty into urethra
  • potentially the female equivalent of prostate gland; contribute to sensitivity of g-spot
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21
Q

G-spot stands for…

A

Grafenberg spot

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22
Q

G-spot

A

Large area located on the front vaginal wall

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23
Q

Does the g-spot exist

A

Debatable—for some women it’s extremely pleasurable, for others it doesn’t do much.

Some women also ejaculate fluid very similar to male prostate through their urethras.

Regardless, whether there is an actual anatomical spot, some think there’s a general region.

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24
Q

Where is Mr. Cervix located?

A

Top of vagina, lower third/neck of the uterus.

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25
Q

What that cervix do

A

Secretes mucous through its glands

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26
Q

What’s the opening at the centre of the cervix called?

A

The os!

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27
Q

Uterus has 3 layers, what they called

A

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

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28
Q

Endometrium

A

Innermost layer of uterus

She’d during mesntruation

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29
Q

Myometrium

A

Muscular layer of uterus
Stretches to accommodate fetus
Stretches during labour

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30
Q

Perimetrium

A

Deepest layer of uterus

Thin smooth membrane

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31
Q

Outermost layer of uterus

A

Perimetrium

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32
Q

Innermost layer of uterus

A

Endometrium

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33
Q

Muscular layer of uterus

A

Myometrium

34
Q

Ovaries: release eggs AND…

A

Are endocrine glands that produce estrogens & progestins!

35
Q

Where does fertilization happen? Not in the uterus but….

A

The infundibulum!

36
Q

Infundibulum (2 points)

A

Part of Fallopian tube closest to the ovary

Has finger-like projects that draw the ova from the ovary into the Fallopian tube

37
Q

Male genitals, external organs:

A

Penis

Scrotum (with testes inside)

38
Q

Penis functions

A

Sexual pleasure
Urination
Reproduction

39
Q

Smooth muscles that make up penis

A

Corpora cavernosa (x2) & corpus spongiosum

40
Q

Corpora cavernosa

A

cylindrical bodies covered in fibrous sleeve. Sleeve pulls tight when filled with blood, stiffening penis

41
Q

Corpus spongiosum

A

Cylinder that remains soft and spongy during erection. Closer to urethra. Keeps pressure off urethra so ejaculation can occur.

42
Q

Foreskin aka

A

Prepuce

43
Q

Foreskin functions

A

Protects glans when penis is flaccid

44
Q

Foreskin typically doesn’t retract in…

A

Babies and children

Separates on its own after about 2-6 years.

45
Q

condition where foreskin is too tight to be pulled back over the head

A

Phimosis

46
Q

Condition where skin is pulled back and cannot be returned to its original position

A

Paraphimosis

47
Q

Circumcision pros (4)

A
  • UTI decrease
  • STI decrease ==> HIV and genital warts
  • prevents/corrects phimosis
  • Debatable: penile cancer decrease (but that’s just a phimosis thing)
48
Q

Circumcision cons

A
  • risks such as infection, hemorrhage, shock, mutilation
  • heightened pain responses to vaccinations in males who did not receive anaesthetic???
  • no difference in penile sensitivity or arousal response
  • infection risk? Just clean it
49
Q

Approximately how prevalent is penile cancer

A

Very low in developed countries. It would take many many circumcisions to prevent a single case.

50
Q

In Ancient Greece, what size penis was preferred?

A

Small

51
Q

Cross-cultural study found women rated ____ size penises most attractive

A

Intermediate-length

52
Q

Scrotum layers

A

Outer layer: skin with a lil’ hair

Inner layer: involuntary muscle layer - DARTOS!

53
Q

Dartos

A

Muscle, involuntary contracts testes when cold

54
Q

Testes functions

A

Secrete androgens
Produce sperm

(Androgens are male sex hormones)

55
Q

Spermatic cord

A

Suspends each testis in the scrotum

Contains vas deferens, blood vessels, and nerves

56
Q

The testes contains 2 other new words you wanna know…

A

Spermatic cord and cremaster muscle

57
Q

Cremaster muscle:

A

Lifts testicles as they contract.

Cremaster helps regulate testes temperature by adjust how close they are to the body.

58
Q

Testes formed in…

A

Abdomen!

59
Q

Seminiferous tubules: location and function

A

Live inside the testes

Produce and store sperm, along with interstitial cells

60
Q

Epididymis: location and function

A

Covers part of each testicle

Matures and stores sperm

61
Q

Vas deferens: physiology and function

A

Thin duct that is part of the spermatic cord

Carries sperm from epididymis to the prostate gland, where they enter the urethra

62
Q

Seminal vesicles: physiology and function

A

2 glands next to prostate gland near the end of the vas deferens

Secretes sugary fluid, which contributes up to 70% of ejaculate fluid

63
Q

Prostate gland function

A

Secretes thin milky alkaline fluid, creating safe environment for sperm (counters acidity of male urethra and ze vagina)

64
Q

Cowper’s glands

A

Secrete pre-ejaculate that prepares the urethra for ejaculate
MAY CONTAIN HEALTHHY SPERM

65
Q

Prostate cancer lifetime prevalence

A

ONE IN FUCKING SEVEN

66
Q

Prostate cancer treatment

A

If caught early, can be treated with prostatectomy

If spread, can be treated with androgen deprivation therapy

67
Q

Cons of androgen deprivation therapy

A

Rarely a long term cure
Many side effects
Cancer is slow-growing, so there is an ongoing debate about whether it’s worthwhile in older men

68
Q

Masters & Johnson’s sexual response cycle: 2 fundamental processes of the tissue

A

1 Myotonia
2 Vasocongestion

Myotonia is muscle tension
Vasocongestion is pooling of blood resulting in swelling

69
Q

Masters & Johnson: four phases of the sexual response cycle

A
  1. Excitement
  2. Plateau
  3. Orgasm
  4. Resolution
70
Q

Sexual response cycle: excitement. What happens?

A

Vasocongestion > penile erection; vaginal lubrication

Can be triggered by direct genital or non-genital stimulation; sexual thoughts

71
Q

Plateau

A

Levelling off of responses

Dramatic surge of sexual tension

72
Q

Four stages of sexual response cycle: ORGASM

A

Briefest phase

Muscle spasm

Male ejaculation

Female vaginal and uterine contraction

73
Q

Resolution

A

Sexual system returns to unaroused state

Right after orgasm, if no stimulation occurs, takes longer if orgasm hasn’t occurred

74
Q

Kaplan’s 3-stage model

A

Desire, excitement, and orgasm.

75
Q

Criticisms of Kaplan

A
  • linear
  • required orgasm
  • does desire really come before arousal?
76
Q

Basson: Model of Female Sexual Response

More inclusive for two reasons:

A
  • women may engage in sex for non-sexual reasons

* desire does not always come first

77
Q

Basson’s Non-Linear Model of Sexual REsponse

A
  • intimacy
  • desire can be reactive or spontaneous
  • desire may come before or after arousal
  • recognizes that orgasms contribute to satisfaction but aren’t necesssary
  • considers relationship/contextual factors
78
Q

Age-related decreases in sexual response

A
  • arousal takes longer
  • vaginal lubrication is reduced (could result in painful intercourse
  • penises take longer to get erect, may need more stimulation
  • changes associated with normal decline of testosterone with age
  • presence of disease and availability of partner
79
Q

Canadian study of 170 female uni women: [sex differences in sexual response, post orgasm]

A

Many women experience post-orgasm hypersensitivity and avoid further stimulation

80
Q

Women are more likely to experience orgasm from penetration if distance is ______ between clitoris and urethra

A

Shorter

81
Q

Orgasm arousal, desire, AND temperature decrease, post-orgasm, more quickly in men or women?

A

Men

PSYC 204 (14 decks)

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