CH7

Question 1

meet emotional, relational, and instrumental needs, as they are intimate, close, and interdependent relationships such as those we have with best friends, partners, or immediate family.

Answer 1

Personal relationships

Question 2

relationships that occasionally meet our needs and lack the closeness and interdependence of personal relationships.

Answer 2

Social relationships

Question 3

people size each other up and try to present themselves favorably

Answer 3

initiating stage

Question 4

where people exchange information and often move from strangers to acquaintances, to the “sniffing ritual” of animals.

Answer 4

experimenting stage

Question 5

we indicate that we would like or are open to more intimacy, and then we wait for a signal of acceptance before we attempt more intimacy

Answer 5

intensifying stage

Question 6

two people’s identities and personalities merge, and a sense of interdependence develops.

Answer 6

integrating stage

Question 7

includes a public ritual that announces formal commitment

Answer 7

bonding stage

Question 8

communicating these differences becomes a primary focus.

Answer 8

differentiating stage

Question 9

communication decreases and certain areas or subjects become restricted as individuals verbally close themselves off from each other.

Answer 9

circumscribing stage

Question 10

the relationship may come to a standstill, as individuals basically wait for the relationship to end.

Answer 10

stagnating stage

Question 11

may be a way to end the awkwardness that comes with stagnation, as people signal that they want to close down the lines of communication.

Answer 11

avoiding stage

Question 12

can occur shortly after initiation or after a ten- or twenty-year relational history has been established

Answer 12

terminating stage

Question 13

essentially entails a weighing of the costs and rewards in a given relationship

Answer 13

Social exchange theory

Question 14

voluntary interpersonal relationships between two people who are usually equals and who mutually influence one another

Answer 14

Friendships

Question 15

solid interpersonal relationships between people who are equals with a shared sense of loyalty and commitment

Answer 15

Reciprocal friendships

Question 16

mutually pleasurable relationships between acquaintances or associates that, although positive, lack the commitment of reciprocal friendships

Answer 16

Associative friendships

Question 17

include a status differential that makes the relationship asymmetrical

Answer 17

Receptive friendships

Question 18

have the closeness of a friendship and the sexual activity of a romantic partnership without the expectations of romantic commitment or labels

Answer 18

Friends with benefits (FWB) relationships

Question 19

refers to relatives connected by blood or other traditional legal bonds such as marriage or adoption and includes parents, grandparents, siblings, aunts, uncles, nieces, and nephews

Answer 19

Family of origin

Question 20

refers to people who share the same household and are connected by blood, legal bond, or who act/live as if they are connected by either

Answer 20

Family of orientation

Question 21

communication between people of different age groups

Answer 21

intergenerational communication

Question 22

the most frequent rituals and do not have the degree of formality of traditions or celebrations

Answer 22

Patterned family interactions

Question 23

more formal, occur less frequently than patterned interactions, vary widely from family to family, and include birthdays, family reunions, and family vacations

Answer 23

Family traditions

Question 24

are also formal, have more standardization between families, may be culturally specific, help transmit values and memories through generations, and include rites of passage and religious and secular holiday celebrations.

Answer 24

family celebrations

Question 25

communicate with each other freely and frequently about activities, thoughts, and feelings.

Answer 25

high conversation orientation

Question 26

do not interact with each other as often, and topics of conversation are more restricted, as some thoughts are considered private.

Answer 26

low conversation orientation

Question 27

fosters a climate of uniformity, and parents decide guidelines for what to conform to.

Answer 27

high conformity orientation

Question 28

encourages diversity of beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors and assertion of individuality.

Answer 28

low conformity orientation

Question 29

high in both conversation and conformity orientations, and they encourage open communication but also want to maintain the hierarchy within the family that puts parents above children.

Answer 29

consensual family

Question 30

high in conversation orientation and low in conformity

Answer 30

pluralistic family

Question 31

low in conversation orientation and high in conformity, expects children to be obedient to parents, and does not value open communication

Answer 31

protective family

Question 32

low in conversation and conformity orientations, has infrequent and/or short interactions, and doesn’t discuss many topics

Answer 32

laissez-faire family

Question 33

encompasses the courtship period, which may range from a first date through several years.

Answer 33

dating couples

Question 34

Once a couple moves in together, they fit into the category of ___

Answer 34

cohabitating couple

Question 35

take additional steps to verbally, ceremonially, or legally claim their intentions to be together in a long-term committed relationship.

Answer 35

Partnered couples

Question 36

states that people with similar levels of attractiveness will pair together despite the fact that people may idealize fitness models or celebrities who appear very attractive

Answer 36

matching hypothesis

Question 37

entails an emotionally charged engagement between two people that can be both exhilarating and painful.

Answer 37

Passionate love

Question 38

affection felt between two people whose lives are interdependent.

Answer 38

Companionate love

Question 39

deals with the initiation or refusal of sexual activity and communication about sexual likes and dislikes.

Answer 39

Sexual communication

Question 40

can result when couples disagree over frequency or type of sexual activities.

Answer 40

Sexual conflict

Question 41

refers to the number of shared associations, including friends and family, that a couple has.

Answer 41

Network overlap

Question 42

Interdependence and relationship networks can also be illustrated through the ___ which examines the relationship between three domains of activity: the primary partnership the inner self important outside interests

Answer 42

theory of triangles

Question 43

can be primarily based in mentoring, friendship, or romance and includes two people, one of whom has formal authority over the other

Answer 43

supervisor-subordinate relationship

Question 44

one person functions as a guide, helping another navigate toward career goals

Answer 44

mentoring relationship

Question 45

refers to a workplace relationship between two people who have no formal authority over the other and are interdependent in some way.

Answer 45

peer coworker relationship

Question 46

communicate about work-related topics only, and there is a low level of self-disclosure and trust. These are the most superficial of the peer coworker relationships, but that doesn’t mean they are worthless.

Answer 46

Information peers

Question 47

engage in more self-disclosure about work and personal topics and communicate emotional support.

Answer 47

Collegial peers

Question 48

have high levels of self-disclosure with relatively few limitations and are highly interdependent in terms of providing emotional and professional support for one another

Answer 48

Special peers

Question 49

involve two people who are emotionally and physically attracted to one another

Answer 49

Workplace romances

Question 50

There are two dimensions of ___: one is the degree to which something is deemed acceptable or not by society; the other includes the degree to which something functions productively to improve a relationship or not

Answer 50

the dark side of relationships

Question 51

includes sexual or emotional interaction with someone other than a primary romantic partner.

Answer 51

Extradyadic romantic activity (ERA)

Question 52

refers to physical, verbal, and emotional violence that occurs between two people who are in or were recently in a romantic relationship.

Answer 52

Intimate partner violence (IPV)

Question 53

one partner uses violence to have general control over the other.

Answer 53

intimate terrorism (IT)

Question 54

another type of violence between intimate partners and is often a reaction or response to intimate terrorism (IT).

Answer 54

Violent resistance (VR)

Question 55

the most common type of IPV and does not involve a quest for control in the relationship

Answer 55

Situational couple violence (SCV)

Question 56

recurring verbal or nonverbal communication that significantly and negatively affects a person’s sense of self.

Answer 56

communicative aggression