CH5 Flashcards
a mental storage capability that can retain stimuli for twenty seconds to one minute.
Short-term memory
a mental storage capability to which stimuli in short-term memory can be transferred if they are connected to existing schema and in which information can be stored indefinitely.
Long-term memory
the verbal and nonverbal signals we send while someone is talking and can consist of verbal cues like “uh-huh,” “oh,” and “right,” and/or nonverbal cues like direct eye contact, head nods, and leaning forward.
Back-channel cues
rephrase the message into your own words.
paraphrase
a focused and usually instrumental type of listening that is primarily physiological and occurs mostly at the receiving stage of the listening process.
Discriminative listening
entails listening with the goal of comprehending and retaining information.
Informational listening
listening with the goal of analyzing or evaluating a message based on information presented verbally and information that can be inferred from context.
Critical listening
the most challenging form of listening and occurs when we try to understand or experience what a speaker is thinking or feeling.
Empathetic listening
concerned about the needs and feelings of others and may get distracted from a specific task or the content of a message in order to address feelings.
People-oriented listeners
prefer well-organized, precise, and accurate information. They can become frustrated with they perceive communication to be unorganized or inconsistent, or a speaker to be “long-winded.”
Action-oriented listeners
analytic and enjoy processing complex messages. They like in-depth information and like to learn about multiple sides of a topic or hear multiple perspectives on an issue. Their thoroughness can be difficult to manage if there are time constraints.
Content-oriented listeners
concerned with completing tasks and achieving goals. They do not like information perceived as irrelevant and like to stick to a timeline. They may cut people off and make quick decisions (taking short cuts or cutting corners) when they think they have enough information.
Time-oriented listeners
concerned about the emotional states of others and listen with the purpose of offering support in interpersonal relationships.
People-oriented listeners
focus on what action needs to take place in regards to a received message and try to formulate an organized way to initiate that action.
Action-oriented listeners
like to listen to complex information and evaluate the content of a message, often from multiple perspectives, before drawing conclusions.
Content-oriented listeners
more concerned about time limits and timelines than they are with the content or senders of a message.
Time-oriented listeners
noise stemming from a physical illness, injury, or bodily stress. Ailments such as a cold, a broken leg, a headache, or a poison ivy outbreak can range from annoying to unbearably painful and impact our listening relative to their intensity
Physiological noise
noise stemming from our psychological states including moods and level of arousal, can facilitate or impede listening.
Psychological noise
refers to our tendency to pay attention to the messages that benefit us in some way and filter others out.
selective attention
refers to our tendency to rehearse what we are going to say next while a speaker is still talking.
Response preparation
a bad listening practice that involves a calculated and planned attempt to secretly listen to a conversation.
Eavesdropping
a bad listening practice in which people pay attention in order to attack something that a speaker says.
Aggressive listening
a form of self-centered and self-absorbed listening in which listeners try to make the interaction about them.
Narcissistic listening
behaving as if you’re paying attention to a speaker when you’re actually not
Pseudo-listening
