CH5

Question 1

a mental storage capability that can retain stimuli for twenty seconds to one minute.

Answer 1

Short-term memory

Question 2

a mental storage capability to which stimuli in short-term memory can be transferred if they are connected to existing schema and in which information can be stored indefinitely.

Answer 2

Long-term memory

Question 3

the verbal and nonverbal signals we send while someone is talking and can consist of verbal cues like “uh-huh,” “oh,” and “right,” and/or nonverbal cues like direct eye contact, head nods, and leaning forward.

Answer 3

Back-channel cues

Question 4

rephrase the message into your own words.

Answer 4

paraphrase

Question 5

a focused and usually instrumental type of listening that is primarily physiological and occurs mostly at the receiving stage of the listening process.

Answer 5

Discriminative listening

Question 6

entails listening with the goal of comprehending and retaining information.

Answer 6

Informational listening

Question 7

listening with the goal of analyzing or evaluating a message based on information presented verbally and information that can be inferred from context.

Answer 7

Critical listening

Question 8

the most challenging form of listening and occurs when we try to understand or experience what a speaker is thinking or feeling.

Answer 8

Empathetic listening

Question 9

concerned about the needs and feelings of others and may get distracted from a specific task or the content of a message in order to address feelings.

Answer 9

People-oriented listeners

Question 10

prefer well-organized, precise, and accurate information. They can become frustrated with they perceive communication to be unorganized or inconsistent, or a speaker to be “long-winded.”

Answer 10

Action-oriented listeners

Question 11

analytic and enjoy processing complex messages. They like in-depth information and like to learn about multiple sides of a topic or hear multiple perspectives on an issue. Their thoroughness can be difficult to manage if there are time constraints.

Answer 11

Content-oriented listeners

Question 12

concerned with completing tasks and achieving goals. They do not like information perceived as irrelevant and like to stick to a timeline. They may cut people off and make quick decisions (taking short cuts or cutting corners) when they think they have enough information.

Answer 12

Time-oriented listeners

Question 13

concerned about the emotional states of others and listen with the purpose of offering support in interpersonal relationships.

Answer 13

People-oriented listeners

Question 14

focus on what action needs to take place in regards to a received message and try to formulate an organized way to initiate that action.

Answer 14

Action-oriented listeners

Question 15

like to listen to complex information and evaluate the content of a message, often from multiple perspectives, before drawing conclusions.

Answer 15

Content-oriented listeners

Question 16

more concerned about time limits and timelines than they are with the content or senders of a message.

Answer 16

Time-oriented listeners

Question 17

noise stemming from a physical illness, injury, or bodily stress. Ailments such as a cold, a broken leg, a headache, or a poison ivy outbreak can range from annoying to unbearably painful and impact our listening relative to their intensity

Answer 17

Physiological noise

Question 18

noise stemming from our psychological states including moods and level of arousal, can facilitate or impede listening.

Answer 18

Psychological noise

Question 19

refers to our tendency to pay attention to the messages that benefit us in some way and filter others out.

Answer 19

selective attention

Question 20

refers to our tendency to rehearse what we are going to say next while a speaker is still talking.

Answer 20

Response preparation

Question 21

a bad listening practice that involves a calculated and planned attempt to secretly listen to a conversation.

Answer 21

Eavesdropping

Question 22

a bad listening practice in which people pay attention in order to attack something that a speaker says.

Answer 22

Aggressive listening

Question 23

a form of self-centered and self-absorbed listening in which listeners try to make the interaction about them.

Answer 23

Narcissistic listening

Question 24

behaving as if you’re paying attention to a speaker when you’re actually not

Answer 24

Pseudo-listening

Question 25

refers to the process of pairing outwardly visible positive listening behaviors with positive cognitive listening practices.

Answer 25

Active listening

Question 26

refers to the process of intentionally separating out intrusive or irrelevant thoughts that may distract you from listening.

Answer 26

Mental bracketing

Question 27

techniques that can aid in information recall.

Answer 27

Mnemonic devices

Question 28

a listener becomes actively and emotionally involved in an interaction in such a way that it is conscious on the part of the listener and perceived by the speaker.

Answer 28

active-empathetic listening

Question 29

refers to a listener’s replication of the nonverbal signals of a speaker.

Answer 29

mirroring

Question 30

refers to characteristics and norms of an organization and its members that contribute to expectations for and perceptions about listening

Answer 30

Listening environment

Question 31

much of the meaning generated within an interaction comes from the verbal communication used rather than nonverbal or contextual cues.

Answer 31

low-context communication style

Question 32

comes from nonverbal and contextual cues.

Answer 32

high-context communication style

Question 33

orally delivered messages that are tailored to be comprehended by a listener.

Answer 33

Listenable messages

Question 34

consists of comments that are specific and descriptive enough for the receiver to apply them for the purpose of self-improvement.

Answer 34

constructive criticism

Question 35

When Giving Feedback to Others

Answer 35

Be specific 
Be descriptive
Be positive
Be constructive
Be realistic
Be relevant

Question 36

When Giving Feedback to Yourself

Answer 36

Identify strengths and weaknesses
Evaluate yourself within the context of the task or assignment guidelines
Set goals for next time
Revisit goals and assess progress at regular intervals