CH6

Question 1

the process of exchanging messages between people whose lives mutually influence one another in unique ways in relation to social and cultural norms

Answer 1

Interpersonal communication

Question 2

the ability to communicate effectively and appropriately in personal relationships

Answer 2

interpersonal communication competence

Question 3

stands for “defining-the-relationship talk” and serves a relationship-maintenance function.

Answer 3

DTR talk

Question 4

the climates established through interpersonal communication that are unique to the relational partners but based on larger cultural and social norms.

Answer 4

Relationship cultures

Question 5

blueprints or plans that show the inner workings of a relationship.

Answer 5

relationship schemata

Question 6

unique to certain relationships, and they create a sense of belonging due to the inside meaning shared by the relational partners.

Answer 6

personal idioms

Question 7

communicative acts that create a sense of predictability in a relationship that is comforting.

Answer 7

relationship routines

Question 8

take on more symbolic meaning than do relationship routines and may be variations on widely recognized events—such as birthdays, anniversaries, Passover, Christmas, or Thanksgiving—or highly individualized and original.

Answer 8

Relationship rituals

Question 9

occurs in interactions where there are real or perceived incompatible goals, scarce resources, or opposing viewpoints

Answer 9

Interpersonal conflict

Question 10

indicates a high concern for self and a low concern for other.

Answer 10

competing style

Question 11

style of conflict management often indicates a low concern for self and a low concern for other, and no direct communication about the conflict takes place.

Answer 11

avoiding

Question 12

conflict management style indicates a low concern for self and a high concern for other and is often viewed as passive or submissive, in that someone complies with or obliges another without providing personal input.

Answer 12

accommodating

Question 13

style shows a moderate concern for self and other and may indicate that there is a low investment in the conflict and/or the relationship

Answer 13

compromising

Question 14

style involves a high degree of concern for self and other and usually indicates investment in the conflict situation and the relationship

Answer 14

collaborating

Question 15

the projected self we desire to put into the world

Answer 15

face

Question 16

refers to the communicative strategies we employ to project, maintain, or repair our face or maintain, repair, or challenge another’s face.

Answer 16

facework

Question 17

argues that people in all cultures negotiate face through communication encounters, and that cultural factors influence how we engage in facework, especially in conflict situations

Answer 17

Face negotiation theory

Question 18

like the United States and most of Europe emphasize individual identity over group identity and encourage competition and self-reliance

Answer 18

Individualistic cultures

Question 19

like Taiwan, Colombia, China, Japan, Vietnam, and Peru value in-group identity over individual identity and value conformity to social norms of the in-group.

Answer 19

Collectivistic cultures

Question 20

a repeated pattern of disagreement over an issue.

Answer 20

serial arguing

Question 21

a quick reaction to communication from another person that escalates the conflict.

Answer 21

One-upping

Question 22

communication in which one person attributes something to the other using generalizations

Answer 22

Mindreading

Question 23

physiological, behavioral, and/or communicative reactions to stimuli that are cognitively processed and experienced as emotional.

Answer 23

Emotions

Question 24

innate emotions that are experienced for short periods of time and appear rapidly, usually as a reaction to an outside stimulus, and are experienced similarly across cultures.

Answer 24

Primary emotions

Question 25

not as innate as primary emotions, and they do not have a corresponding facial expression that makes them universally recognizable.

Answer 25

Secondary emotions

Question 26

style report that their relationship with their parents is warm and that their parents also have a positive and caring relationship with each other.

Answer 26

secure attachment

Question 27

style report discomfort with closeness and a reluctance to depend on others.

Answer 27

avoidant attachment

Question 28

style report a desire for closeness but anxieties about being abandoned.

Answer 28

anxious attachment

Question 29

sociocultural norms that influence emotional expression.

Answer 29

Display rules

Question 30

involves communicating the circumstances, thoughts, and feelings surrounding an emotional event.

Answer 30

Emotion sharing

Question 31

the spreading of emotion from one person to another.

Answer 31

emotional contagion

Question 32

involves the ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and action.

Answer 32

Emotional intelligence

Question 33

purposeful disclosure of personal information to another person.

Answer 33

Self-disclosure

Question 34

states that as we get to know someone, we engage in a reciprocal process of self-disclosure that changes in breadth and depth and affects how a relationship develops.

Answer 34

Social penetration theory

Question 35

states that we evaluate ourselves based on how we compare with others

Answer 35

Social comparison theory

Question 36

can be applied to a variety of interpersonal interactions in order to help us understand what parts of ourselves are open, hidden, blind, and unknown.

Answer 36

Johari window

Question 37

connects the cause of her disclosure to her personality by thinking,

Answer 37

dispositional attribution

Question 38

identify the cause of a disclosure with the context or surroundings in which it takes place.

Answer 38

Situational attributions

Question 39

identify the relationship between sender and receiver as the cause of the disclosure

Answer 39

Interpersonal attributions