ch6 skeletal system Flashcards
skeletal system
supports and gives shape
protects internal organs
movements
stores calcium, hormones regulate calcium storage. Calcitonin increases storage, and parathyroid hormone reduces stores of calcium.
Hematopoiesis is the blood cell formation in red bone marrow.
four types of bones
Long ex: humerus, femur
short carpals
flat frontal bone of skull
irregular vertebrae
structure of long bones*
diaphysis medullary cavity epiphyses articular cartilage periostrum
diaphysis
the shaft
the hollow tube of hard compact bone
medullary cavity*
the hollow area inside diaphysis that contains yellow marrow.
epiphyses
or ends of the bone, are the spongy bone that contains red bone marrow
where the bone stops growing once the epiphyses closes
articular cartilage*
covers the epiphyses and functions as a cushion.
thin layer of cartilage on the end of bones at the joints
periosteum
the strong membrane covering bone everywhere except at joint surfaces
endosteum*
membrane lining the medullary cavity
fiberous lining of the hollow tibe in a long bone
peri
around/outside
endo
within
epi
above
chondro
cartilage
-cyte
cell
-blast
young cell
-clast
to destroy
spongy bone
network of open spaces. found in epiphyses of bones, and these spaces
contain red bone marrow.
texture that results from needlelike threads of bone called trabeculae*,
Cartilage is composed of
cells called chondrocyte.
The matrix in cartilage is gel-like and lacks blood vessels.
organs of the skeletal system
Bones, cartilage, ligaments
Osteoblasts*
form new bone
osteoclasts
reabsorb bone
endochondral ossification*
cartilage into bone
Cartilage models gradually and is replaced by the calcified bone matrix
osteon
basic structural unit of compact bone
aka haversian systems
what are osteocytes and where can you find them
Living bone cells found in between the hard layers of the lamellae in the lacunae*
osteocytes and chondrocytes=lacunae*
how does cartilage defer from bone
The primary difference is that cartilage fibers are embedded in a firm gel substance instead of in a calcified cement substance.
what is ossification
Ossification is bone being formed in cartilage
skeleton has two main divisions,
axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.
axial skeleton includes *
skull
spine
thorax
appendicular skeleton includes *
upper extremities, including shoulder, or pectoral, girdle
lower extremities, including hip, or pelvic, girdle
3 major sections of the vertebrae and how many bones each?
caphacaudal- head to tale
at the top there is the atlas, holding up the skull and then the axis where the head turns Cervical, thoracic, lumbar; 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae and then 1 sacrum and 1 coccyx
some bones in the upper extremities
Upper—scapula, clavicle, metacarpal, carpal, phalanges, humerus, ulna, radius;
some bones in the lower extremities
Lower—hip, coxal bone, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal, metatarsals, phalanges
what are the phalanges and 2 different sets
They are the small bones in the fingers and toes. They are located both in the fingers and the toes.
metacarpal bones
form the framework of the palm of the hand
metatarsal
part of the foot to which the toes are attached
floating ribs
2 on the left 2 on the right
12 pairs of ribs total
difference between male and female pelvis
male-deep and narrow
female-broad and shallow
The male pelvis is narrower in the middle compared to the round female pelvis house and deliver a baby.
pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet are both normally much wider in the female than in the male. angle at the front of the female pelvis is wider than it is in the male.
3 types of joints
Synarthroses (cranial bones)
amphiarthroses (symphysis pubis) diarthroses (freely movable joints)
freely moving joint
ball and socket
hinge
ligament
tissue to joint
cords or bands made of strong connective tissue
epiphy seal plate
as long as its still there, growth continues
skull
mandible frontal bone zygomatic bone occipital bone maxilla
upper extremity
ulna
humerus
metacarpals
carpals
trunk
rib
sternum
scapula
clavicle
lower extremity
metatarsals tibia fibula femur patella
