ch1 intro to structure and function Flashcards
head feet
superior inferior
front back
anterior posterior
middle side
medial lateral
near far
proximal distal
surface below-surface
superficial deep
toward the head
above
on top
superior
toward the feet
below
inferior
front
in front of
anterior
back
in back of
posterior/dorsal
toward the midline, middle of the body
big toe, heart
medial
toward the side
little toe, lungs
lateral
toward or nearest the trunk of the body
near insertion site
site of origin
proximal
away from or furthest from the trunk
farthest from point of origin of a body part
distal
near the surface
superficial
deeper within the body
farther away from body surface
deep
anatomic position
reference position gives meaning to directional terms
standing posture w arms to the sides and palms forward. head and feet also point forward
right and left sides
sagittal plane
upper and lower portions
divides at the umbilicus
transverse plan
divides front and back portions
anterior and posterior
frontal/coronal plane
the body is divided into 2 major cavities
dorsal body cavity
ventral body cavity
upper part of the ventral cavity
thoracic cavity
mediastinum
pleural cavities L&R
separates the thoracic cavity and dorsal cavity
diaphragm
lower part of the ventral cavity
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity*
upper abdominopelvic region
right and let hypochondriac regions
epigastric region
middle abdominopelvic regions
right and left lumbar regions
umbilical region
lower abdominopelvic region
right and left iliac/inguinal regions
hypogastric region
microscopic levels
Chemical level atoms molecules protein filaments Cell level (smallest living unit) Tissue level
gross levels
Organ level
Organ System level
skin, nails, hair
integumentary system
bones and joints
skeletal system
muscles
muscular system
brain, spinal cord, n
nervous system
glands, pancreas
endocrine system
heart, blood vessels
cardiovascular/circulatory system
l nodes, spleen, tonsils
lymphatic system
nose, trachea, lungs
respiratory system
mouth, stomach, rectum, teeth, liver,
digestive system
kidneys, ureters, bladder
urinary system
genitals, ovaries
reproductive system
organ systems
integumentary skeletal muscular nervous endocrine cardiovascular/circulatory lymphatic respiratory digestive urinary reproductive male/female
4 quadrants
RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
right left upper lower
2 largest cavities in the body
dorsal cavity and ventral cavity
ventral cavity
subdivided into thoracic cavity abdominopelvic cavity
thoracic cavity has…
mediastinum w/heart and pleural cavities w/lungs
abdominal cavity has…
stomach intestines liver gallbladder pancreas spleen
pelvic cavity has…
reproductive organs
urinary bladder
lowest part of the intestine
abdominopelvic cavity is divided into
4 quadrants and 9 regions
dorsal cavity
cranial cavity w/brain and spinal cavity w/spinal cord
2 main body regions is
axial region w/head, neck, torso or trunk
and the
appendicular region w/upper and lower extremities
ex: UE-upper extremities
LLE-lower left extremites
RUE…
bilaterally
atrophy
decrease in size when an organ is not used
homeostasis
survival depends on it
relative constancy of the internal environment
ureters
from the kidneys to the bladder
12 inches long, smooth muscle
transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder
urethra
connects the bladder to the genitals for urinary removal
towards the head
vs
towards the tail/coccyx
cranial vs caudal
cephalocaudal
head to tail
top to bottom
