A&P vocab Ch8 Nervous System Flashcards
Acetylcholine
chemical neuron transmitters
Afferent neuron
neuron that carries impulses toward the central nervous system from the periphery
sensory neuron
Anesthesia
loss of sensation
Arachnoid mater
delicate web like middle membrane covering the brain
the meninges
Astrocytes
a glial cell
Axon
nerve cell process that transmits impulses away from the cell body
1 elongated projection from the cell body
processes that transmit impulses AWAY from the neuron cell body
Catechplamines
norepinephrine and epinephrine
Cerebrospinal fluid
CSF
fluid that fills the sudarachnoid space in the brain and spinal cord and in the cerebral ventricles
Choroid plexus
a network of brain capillaries that are involved with the production of cerebrospinal fluid
Dendrite
a nerve cell process that transmits impulses toward the body
one or more branching processes/projections from the neuron cell body
transmits impulses TO the neuron
Dermatome
skin surface areas supplied by a single spinal nerve
Dopamine
chemical neurotransmitter
Dura mater
strong or hard mother
outermost layer of the meninges
Effector neuron
responding…
Endorphins
chemical in central nervous system that influences pain perception
a natural painkiller
Enkephalins
peptide chemical in the central nervous system that acts as a natural painkiller
Fight or flight response
a change produced by the increased sympathetic impulses allowing the body to deal with any type of stress
Ganglia
a region of gray(unmyelinated) nerve tissue
gray matter in the PNS
Ganglion
?
glia
supporting cells of nervous tissue
aka nueroglia
specialized connective tissue cells
support neurons
hydrocephalus
abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid
water on the brain
interneuron
nerves that conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons
central or connecting neuron
limbic systerm
a collection of various small regions of the brain that act together to produce emotion and emotional response
the emotional brain
meninges
fluid-containing membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
microglia
one type of connective tissue found in the brain and spinal cord
motor neuron
transmits nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glandular epithelial tissues
multiple sclerosis
the most common primary disease of the central nervous system
a myelin disorder
myelin
lipoid substance found in the myelin sheath around some nerve fibers
neurilemma
nerve sheath
neurons
nerve cell
including its processes
nuerotransmitter
chemicals by which neurons communicate function by stimulating receptors int he neuron on the other side of the synapse
nodes of Ranvier
indentations that are found between adjacent schwann cells
norepinephrine
hormone secreted by adrenal medulla
released by sympathetic nervous system
oligodendrocyte
a glia cell, a cell with few branches
dendro-branch
oligo-few or little
parasympathetic nervous system
PNS
part of the autonomic nervous system
ganglia are connected to the brainstem and the sacral segments of the spinal cord
controls many visceral effectors under normal conditions
tries to maintain a quiet homeostasis
pia mater
the vascular innermost covering(meninx) of the brain and spinal cord
postganglionic neuron
autonomic neuron that conducts nerve impulses from a ganglion to cardiac or smooth muscle or glandular epithelial tissue
postsynaptic neuron
a neuron situated distal to a synapse
preganglionic neuron
autonomic neuron that conducts nerve impulses between the spinal cord and a ganglion
presynaptic neuron
a neuron situated proximal to a synapse
receptors
peripheral beginning of a sensory neurons dendrite
reflex arc
allows an impulse to travel in only one direction
saltatory conduction
when a nerve impulse encounters myelin and “jumps” from one node of Ranvier to the next
schwann cell
large nucleated cells that form myelin
sensory neuron
neurons that transmit impulses to the spinal cord and brain from all parts of the body
serotonin
a neurotransmitter that belongs to a group of compounds called catecholamines
sympathetic nervous system
prepares the body for emergency situations
flight-or-fight response
synapse
requires the production, release, and deactivation of neurotransmitters
synaptic cleft
a space between a synaptic knob and the plasma membrane of a postsynaptic neuron
synaptic knob
a tiny bulge at the end of a terminal branch of presynaptic neurons axon that contains vesicles with neurotransmitters
tract
a single nerve pathway made up of several bundles of axons and extending through the central nervous system
compare to nerve
microscopic structure
?
nervous system
?
peripheral nervous system
?
nueron
nerve cells
conduct impulses
3 parts: cell body, dendrites, and an axon
dendro
branch
oligo
few
major components of the nervous system
brain, spinal cord, and nerves
central nervous system
CNS
brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
PNS
nerves of the body
autonomic nervous system
ANS
structures that regulate the bodys involuntary functions ex:
heart rate
contractions
secretions
2 types of cells in the nervous system
neurons and glia
