ch4 organ systems of the body Flashcards
organ
made up of two or more kinds of tissues
organ system
a group of organs arranged in such a way that they can together perform a more complex function than can any organ alone
integumentary system
the skin, the hair, the nails,
sense receptors, sweat glands, and oil glands.
at the dermal layer
The functions:protection for the body, regulates body temperature, synthesizes chemicals, and acts as a sense organ.(pressure, pain, touch)
skeletal system
made up of bones and joints.
functions support, movement with joints and muscles, storage of minerals, and blood cell formation.
muscular system
voluntary (or striated) muscles, involuntary (or smooth) muscles, and cardiac muscles. functions: movement, maintenance of body posture, production of heat, contraction of the heart, blood pressure maintenance, and intestinal movement to eliminate feces.
nervous system
the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and the sense organs.
responsible for communication, integration, control, and recognition of sensory stimuli. The system functions by production of nerve impulses caused by stimuli of various types. The control is fast-acting and of short duration.
endocrine system
responsible for the production and secretion of hormones directly into the blood.
responsible for communication(like the nervous system), integration, and control within the body.
slow and for a longer duration.
ex: hormone regulation includes growth, metabolism, reproduction, and fluid and electrolyte balance.
includes all the glands
in the brain: pituitary gland, pineal gland, hypothalamus.
the neck:thyroid gland, parathyroid glands. beneath the sternum: thymus gland.
on top of each kidney is the adrenal gland. in the abdomen the pancreas.
pelvic cavity:gonadsovaries and testes.
cardiovascular/circulatory system
the heart and blood vessels: arteries(arterioles), veins(venules), and then capillaries.
functions: transportation, regulation of body temperature, and immunity/body defense.
lymphatic system
lymph nodes(in the axilla), lymphatic vessels, tonsils, thymus, spleen.
The lymphatic system is responsible for transportationfatty nutrients from digestive system to blood* and immunity* within the body.
the lymph fluid by way of thoracic duct enters the circulatory system
respiratory system
nose, pharynx, larynx(voice box), trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
functions: exchange of waste gas—carbon dioxide—for oxygen occurs in the alveoli. warms and humidifies incoming air and filters out irritants from inspired air, regulates acid-base balance within the body
digestive system
primary organs:mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine, the rectum, and the anal canal.
Accessory organs teeth, salivary glands*, tongue, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and appendix.
responsible for mechanical and chemical breakdown, aka digestion of food, as well as absorption of nutrients.
urinary system
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
responsible for clearing/cleaning the blood of waste.electrolyte balance, water balance, and acid-base balance. In males, the urethra has both urinary and reproductive functions.
reproductive system
male gonads/testes, genital ducts aka vas deferens,urethra; and prostate(accessory gland).
supporting structures are the genitalia, male penis and scrotum.
reproductive female gonads/ovaries accessory organs: uterus, uterine tubes/fallopian tubes,vagina.
supporting structures: genitalia, vulva, mammary glands/breasts.
functions: survival of genes and production sperm and ova.transfer and fertilization of sex cells, development and birth of offspring, nourishment of the offspring, and the production of sex hormones.
