ch5 - muscles and tendons Flashcards
peristalsis
waves of alternate constriction and relaxation in a tube ie digestive tract. Involuntary muscle
insertion
insertion of a muscle is the attachment of a muscle to a more movable part of the skeleton, as distinct from the origin
fascia
sheet of fibrous connective tissue, holds the muscle in place.
tendon
extends from the fascia, attaches to a bones periosteum at the origin/insertion of the muscle
muscle fibers
muscle cells
pectoral girdle
connects axial skeleton to upper limbs
rotator cuff
four muscles originating from the scapula, wrap around the shoulder joint and fuse together to from one large tendon - rotator cuff
Biceps Brachii
a muscle of the arm that has two heads or points of origin on the scapula
root - ceps
head
root - bachi
of the arm
brachialis
a muscle that lies underneath the bies and is the strongest flexor of the forearm
brachioradialis
muscle that helps flex the forearm
root - delt
triangle
suffix - oid
resembling
deltoid
large fan shaped muscle connecting the scapula and the clavicle to the humerus
dorsum (dorsal)
back part of the body including hand
ventral
front or surface of the body
latissimus dorsi
the widest broadest muscle in the back
root - latiss
wide
root - dorsi
of the back
suffix - imus
most
pectoral
pertaining to the chest
root - pector
chest
root - thenar
palm
thenar eminence
the fleshy mass at the base of the thumb
hypothenar eminence
the fleshy mass at the base of the little finger
triceps brachi
muscle of the arm that has three heads or points of origin
root - duct
lead
abduction
moving away from the midline
adduct
moving toward the midline
calcaneus
the heel bone
calcaneal tendon
(achilles tendon) the tendon of the heel fromed from the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and inserted into the calcaneus
gastrocnemius
major muscle in the back of the lower leg
gluteus
refers to one f three muscles in the buttock
gluteus maximus
the largest muscle in the body, covering a large part of each buttock
gluteus minimus
the smallest of the gluteal muscles and lies under the gluteus medius
gluteus medius
partially covered by the gluteus maximus
hamstring
grou pof three muscles on the posterior side of the thigh that join at the back of the knee
popliteal fossa
the hollow at the back of the knee
quadriceps femoris
an anterior thigh muscle with four heads
thigh muscles
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius (lies benearth rectus femoris)
hamstring muscles
biceps femoris long head
biceps femoris short head
semimembranosus
semitendinous
upper arm muscles
deltoid
biceps brachii
brachialis
brachioradialis
triceps brachi (lateral and long head)
latissimus dorsi
lower leg muscles
tibialis anterior
soleus
gastrocnemius
fibromyalgia
pain in the muscle fibers
root - fibro
fiber
sufix - algia
pain
myopathies
diseases of skeletal muscles not caused by nerve disorders, causing muscles to become weak or wasted
muscular dystrophy
gneral term for hereditary progressive disorders affecting skeletal muscles
Duchenne muscular dystrophy DMD
a condition with symmetrical weakness and wasting of pelvic shoulder and proximal limb muscles
prefix - dys
bad, difficult
inflammatory myopathies
protective responses to injured tissues marked by redness increased heat swelling and pain
muscle cramps
sudden short painful contractions of a muscle or group of muscles
muscle strains
stretch or partial or complete tear in the muscle tendon or muscle-tendon combination
muscle soreness
exercise increases lactic acid in muscle fibers causing inflammation
rhabdomyolysis
the breakdown of muscle fibers to produce myoglobin
myoglobin
protein of muscle that stores and transports oxygen
ganglion
fluid containing swelling attached to the synovial sheath of a tendon
tenosynovitis
inflammation of the sheath that surrounds a tendon
bursitis
inflammation of the lubricating sac of the rotator cuff, can also be produced by overuse
rotator cuff tear
injury of the shoulder girdle, caused by wear and tear from overuse in work or sports
tendonitis - tendinitis
inflammation of the tendon
myositis
inflammation of the muscle
polymyositis
inflammation of many muscles
contracture
muscle shortening due to spasm or fibrosis
ADL
activities of daily living
BKA
below the knee amputation
COTA
certified occupational therapy assistant
IADLs
instrumental activities of daily living
PM&R
physical medicine and rehabilitation
PVD
peripheral vascular disease
diagnostic procedures for disorders of msucles and tendons
blood tests
electromyography
nerve conduction studies
magnetic resonance imaging MRI and computed tomography CT
ultrasonography
muscle biopsy
genetic testing
myositis specific antibodies MSA
antibody
protein produced in response to an antigen
root - body
substance
prefix - anti
against
antimetabolite
a substance that replaces or inhibits a specific part of a cells normal metabolism
root - metabol
change
corticosteroid
a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex
creatine kinase
enzyme elevated in the plasma following heart muscle damage
root - creat
flesh
suffix = ase
enzyme
root - kin
motion
eletrcomyography
recording of electrical activity in a msucle
enzyme
protein that induces change in other substances
immunosupresive
substance that causes failure of the immune system
inflammation
a basic complex of reactions in blood vessels and adjacent tissues in response to injury or abnormal stimulation
ultrasonography
delineation of deep structures using sound waves
NSAIDS
nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs
inhibit the two cyclooxygenase enzymes that produce inflammation
types of NSAIDS
acetylsalicylic acid - aspirin
ibuprofen
naproxen
anabolic steroid
prescription drug used by some athletes to increase muscle mass
root - anabol
to raise up
root - ster
solid
analgesia. – analgesic
state in which pain is reduced – agent that produces analgesia
root - alges
sensation of pain
prefix - an
without
antipyretic
agent that reduces fever
root - pyret
fever
root - orthot
corect
