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CBD_MT > Ch2 - composition of body and cells > Flashcards

Ch2 - composition of body and cells Flashcards

1
Q

zygote

A

the origin of every cell in the body
the result of fertilization of an egg by a sperm

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2
Q

conception

A

the result of fertilization of an egg by a sperm

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3
Q

root - fertiliz

A

to make fruitful

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4
Q

fertilization

A

union of male sperm and female egg

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5
Q

fertilize

A

penetration of the egg by the sperm

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6
Q

suffix - ule

A

small

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7
Q

root - molec

A

mass

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8
Q

molecule

A

very small particle consisting of two or more atoms held tightly together

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9
Q

molecular

A

pertaining to a molecule

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10
Q

root - organ

A

structure with specific function in a body system

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11
Q

organelle

A

part of cell having specialized functions

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12
Q

suffix - elle

A

small

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13
Q

organism

A

any whole living plant or animal

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14
Q

suffix - ism

A

condition or process

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15
Q

tissue

A

collection of similar cells

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16
Q

zygote

A
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17
Q

as a zygote divides it carries out these basic life functions:

A

1 manufacture proteins and lipids
2 production and use of energy
3 communication with other cells
4 replication of DNA
5 reproduction of itself

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18
Q

organelle

A

small structures of the cytoplasm that cary out special metabolic tasks

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19
Q

nucleus

A

functional center of a cell that directs the cells activities, forms the 46 chromosomes from DNA

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20
Q

nucleolus

A

small mass found in the nucleus composed of DNA and is involved in the manufacture of proteins from simple materials in a process called anabolism

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21
Q

anabolism

A

the buildup of complex substances in the cell from simpler ones (proteins from simple materials)

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22
Q

mitochondria

A

produce energy by breaking down compouds like glucose and fat in a process called catabol

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23
Q

root - anabol

A

build up

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24
Q

root - catabol

A

break down

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25
Q

catabolism

A

the breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones as part of metabolism

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26
Q

root - chrom/o

A

color

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27
Q

chromosome

A

body in the nucleus that contains DNA genes

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28
Q

suffix - ism

A

process or condition

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29
Q

root - cyt/o

A

cell

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30
Q

suffix - plasm

A

something formed

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31
Q

cytoplasm

A

clear gelatinous substance that forms the substance of a cell except for the nucleus

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32
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid

A

source of hereditary characteristics found in chromosomes

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33
Q

suffix - lyte

A

soluble

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34
Q

electrolyte

A

substance that when dissolved in a suitable medium forms electrically charged particles

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35
Q

root - plasm

A

something formed

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36
Q

root - reticul

A

fine net, network

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37
Q

suffix - um

A

structure

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38
Q

prefix - endo

A

inside

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39
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

structure inside a cell that synthesizes steroids, detoxifies drugs, and manufactures cell membranes

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40
Q

hormon

A

chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the blood to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ

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41
Q

prefix - intra

A

within

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42
Q

root - cellul

A

small cell

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43
Q

intracellular

A

within the cell

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44
Q

lipid

A

general term for all types of fatty compounds ie cholesterol, triglycerides and fatty acids

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45
Q

root - membran

A

cover skin

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46
Q

metabolism

A

the constantly changing physical and chemical process occurring in the cell that are the sum of anabolism and catabolism

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47
Q

root - metabol

A

change

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48
Q

root - mit/o

A

thread

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49
Q

root - chondr

A

granule

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50
Q

mitochondria

A

(plural of mitochondrion) organelles that generate store and release energy for cell activities

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51
Q

nuclear

A

pertaining to a nucleus

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52
Q

protein

A

class of food substance based on amino acids

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53
Q

ribonucleic acid RNA

A

the information carrier from DNA in the nucleus to an organelle to produce protein molecules

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54
Q

root - ster

A

solid

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55
Q

suffix - oid

A

resembling

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56
Q

steroid

A

large family of chemical substances found in many drugs, hormones, and body components

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57
Q

karyotype

A

picure of human chromosomes lined up in pairs

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58
Q

DNA is composed of

A

adenosine
cytosine
guanine
thymine

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59
Q

nucleotide

A

base formation of a sugar and phosphate

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60
Q

chromatin

A

DNA that forms chromosomes during cell division

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61
Q

root - chrom/a

A

color

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62
Q

prefix - de

A

without

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63
Q

prefix - oxy

A

oxygen

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64
Q

root - ribo

A

ribose

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65
Q

root - nucle

A

nucleus

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66
Q

root - acid

A

acid, low ph

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67
Q

epigenetics

A

the study of disorders produced by the effects of chemical compounds or environmental influences on genes

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68
Q

gene

A

the function unit of heredity on a chromosome

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69
Q

root - gen

A

to create

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70
Q

root - ome

A

body

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71
Q

genome

A

a complete set of chromosomes

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72
Q

helix

A

a spiral of necleotides in the structure of dna

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73
Q

root - heredit

A

inherited through genes

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74
Q

heredity

A

the transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring

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75
Q

hereditary

A

(adj) transmissible from parent to offspring

76
Q

root - hist

A

tissue

77
Q

suffix - one

A

chemical

78
Q

histone

A

a simple protein found in the cell nucleus

79
Q

karyotype

A

the chromosome characteristics of an individual cell

80
Q

mitosis

A

cell division to create two identical cells each with 46 chromosomes

81
Q

mutation

A

a permanent alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the genome

82
Q

phenotype

A

manaifestation of a genome

83
Q

root - pheno

A

appearance

84
Q

cytogenetics

A

the study of chromosome abnormalities in a cell

85
Q

gene therapy

A

technique to replace a mutated gene that causes disease with a healthy copy

86
Q

predictive medicine

A

looks at the probability of a disease

87
Q

dysmorphology

A

study of developmental structural defects

88
Q

prefix - dys

A

difficult, bad

89
Q

root - morph/o

A

form

90
Q

embryo

A

developing organism from conception to the end of the eighth week.

91
Q

fetus

A

human organism from the end of the eighth week to birth

92
Q

root - dict

A

consent

93
Q

suffix - ive

A

quality of

94
Q

therapy

A

systematic treatment of a disease, dysfunction, or disorder

95
Q

theraputic

A

relating to the treatment of a disease

96
Q

connective tissue

A

binds supports protects fills spaces and stores fat

97
Q

epithelial tissue

A

protects secretes absobs and excretes

98
Q

muscle tissue

A

tissue consisting of contractile cells

99
Q

nervous tissue

A

transmit impulses for coordination, sensory reception, motor actions.

100
Q

histology

A

the study of the structure and function of tissues

101
Q

bones

A

the hardest connective tissue

102
Q

cartilage

A

flexible rubbery tissue matix that allows it to function as a shock absorber and gliding surface (latin - gristle)

103
Q

ligaments

A

strips or band of fibrous tissue made of collagen fibers that hold connect two structures (joints)

104
Q

tendons

A

thick strong ligaments that attach muscles to bone (latin -sinew)

105
Q

joint capsule

A

fibrous connective tissue surounding a join or other structure

106
Q

cruciate

A

shaped like a cross

107
Q

root - hist/o

A

tissue

108
Q

matrix

A

substance that surrounds and protects cells, is manufactured by the cells, and holds them together

109
Q

meniscus

A

disc of cartilage between the bones of a joint

110
Q

nutrient

A

a substance in food required for normal physiologic function

111
Q

sufix - ent

A

end result

112
Q

root - nutri

A

nourish

113
Q

periosteum

A

fibrous membrane covering a bone

114
Q

root - oste

A

bone

115
Q

synovial

A

pertaining to the synovial membrane or fluid

116
Q

root - ovi

A

egg

117
Q

organ

A

a structure composed of several tissues that work together to carry out specific functions.

118
Q

organ system

A

a group of organs with a specific collective function ie digestion circulation respiration

119
Q

urinary organ system

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

120
Q

11 organ systems

A

integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervouse
endocrine
cardiovascular
lymphatic
digestive
respiratory
urinary
reproductive

121
Q

integumentary organ system

A

skin hair nails sweat glands sebaceous glands

122
Q

skeletal organ system

A

bones ligaments cartilage

123
Q

muscular organ system

A

muscles

124
Q

nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs

125
Q

endocrine organ system

A

glands that secrete hormones: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal, thymus

126
Q

cardiovascular organ system

A

heart, blood vessels

127
Q

lymphatic organ system

A

lymph vessels and nodes, thymus, spleen

128
Q

digestive organ system

A

mouth, tongue, teeth salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small and large intestines

129
Q

respiratory organ system

A

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

130
Q

reproductive organ system

A

scrotum, testes, epididymides, vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourthral glands, urethra, penis

ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva

131
Q

root - digest

A

break down food

132
Q

root - crine

A

to secrete

133
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of food into elements

134
Q

endocrine

A

gland that produce an internal or hormonal substance

135
Q

root - home/o

A

the same

136
Q

suffix - stasis

A

standstill, control

137
Q

root - integument

A

covering of the body

138
Q

lymph

A

clear fluid collected from the body tissues and transported by lymph vessels to the venous circulation

139
Q

nervous system

A

the whole integrated nerve apparatus

140
Q

respiration

A

the process of breathing

141
Q

skeleton

A

bone framework of the body

142
Q

arthroscopy

A

therapeutic procedure to examine the inside of a joint

143
Q

collagen

A

major protein of connective tissue, cartilage, and bone

144
Q

root - coll/a

A

glue

145
Q

anatomy

A

study of the structure of the human body

146
Q

root - ana

A

apart from

147
Q

suffix - tomy

A

process of separating

148
Q

transverse

A

horizontal plane of the body - dividing across x axis

149
Q

sagittal

A

vertical plane of the body dividing across y axis

150
Q

frontal

A

vertical plan of the body dividing across z axis

151
Q

coronal

A

vertical plan of the body dividing across z axis

152
Q

root - anter

A

before, front part

153
Q

caudal

A

pertaining to or near the tailbone

154
Q

root - caud

A

tail

155
Q

cephalic

A

pertaining to or near the head

156
Q

root - cephal

A

head

157
Q

root - coron

A

crown

158
Q

distal

A

situated away from the body

159
Q

root - dist

A

away from the center of the body

160
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back or situated behind

161
Q

root -dors

A

back

162
Q

root - infer

A

below

163
Q

root - later

A

side

164
Q

root - medi

A

middle

165
Q

medial

A

near the middle of the body

166
Q

root - poster

A

back part

167
Q

prone

A

lying face down flat on your bell

168
Q

proximal

A

situated nearest to the center of the body

169
Q

root - proxim

A

nearest to the center

170
Q

root -sagitt

A

arrow

171
Q

root - super

A

above

172
Q

supine

A

lying face up flat on your spine

173
Q

ventral

A

pertaining to the belly or situated nearer the surface of the belly

174
Q

root -ventr

A

belly

175
Q

LUQ

A

LEFT UPPER QUADRANT

176
Q

LLQ

A

LEFT LOWER QUADRANT

177
Q

RLQ

A

RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT

178
Q

RUQ

A

RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT

179
Q

CRANIAL CAVITY

A

contains the brain within the skull

180
Q

cavaty

A

hollow space or body compartment

181
Q

cranium

A

the skull

182
Q

quadrant

A

one quarter of a circle, one of four regions

183
Q

spine

A

the vertebral column or a short bony projection

184
Q

thorax

A

the part of the trunk between the abdomen and the neck

185
Q

umbilicus

A

pit in the abdomen where the umbilical cord entered the fetus

186
Q

graft

A

transportation of living tissue

CBD_MT (10 decks)

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