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CBD_MT > ch3 - functions and structure of the skin > Flashcards

ch3 - functions and structure of the skin Flashcards

1
Q

integumentary system

A

skin and its associated organs -
hair follicles, finger nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

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2
Q

functions of the skin

A

Protection - uv rays, microbes and toxins
water resistance - leaking in or out
temperature regulation
vitamin D regulation
sensation - nerve endings detect pressure, temperature, vibration
excretion and secretion - water and waste
social functions - refelects emotions; blushing, pale

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3
Q

vasodilation

A

capillaries in the skin opens up or dilates - when too hot

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4
Q

vasoconstriction

A

capillaries in the skin narrow, decrease blood flow, body retains heat

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5
Q

root - cutan/e

A

skin

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6
Q

cutaneous

A

pertaining to the skin

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7
Q

root - dermat/o

A

skin

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8
Q

prefix - ex

A

out of, away from

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9
Q

root - crete

A

seperate

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10
Q

suffix - ion

A

action

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11
Q

excrete

A

to pass waste products of metabolism out of the body

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12
Q

excretion

A

removal of waste products of metabolism out of the body

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13
Q

flora

A

the population of microorganism covering the exterior and interior surface of healthy animals

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14
Q

root - integument

A

covering of the body

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15
Q

prognosis

A

forecast of the probably future course and outcome of a disease

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16
Q

prefix - pro

A

projecting forward

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17
Q

root - gnosis

A

knowledge

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18
Q

root - secret

A

produce

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19
Q

secrete - secretion

A

production by cells of a physiologically active substance and its movement out of the cell

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20
Q

synthesis

A

the proces of building a compound from different elements

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21
Q

prefix - syn

A

together

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22
Q

root - thesis

A

to organize, arrange

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23
Q

root - thet

A

arrange, organize

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24
Q

synthetic

A

built up or put together form simpler compounds

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25
Q

prefix - ultra

A

beyond

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26
Q

ultraviolet

A

lights rays at a higher frequency than the violet end of the spectrum

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27
Q

epidermis

A

the most superficial layer of the skin

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28
Q

keratinocytes

A

layers of squamous cells of the skin

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29
Q

keratin

A

a tough scaly protein that is also the basis for your hair and nails - shields your body from harmful elements like chemicals and bacteria

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30
Q

dermis

A

thicker connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis - contains abundance of collagen fibers sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles and nail roots

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31
Q

hypodermis - subcutaneous tissue lair

A

subcutaneous fat (adipose tissue) nerves and larger blood vessels - regulates body temperature and helps protect your vital organs.

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32
Q

adipose

A

containing fat

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33
Q

suffix - ose

A

full of

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34
Q

intradermal

A

within the dermis

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35
Q

root - adip

A

fat

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36
Q

prefix - intra

A

within

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37
Q

intramuscular

A

within the muscle

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38
Q

squamous cell

A

flat scale like epithelial cell

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39
Q

subcutaneous

A

below the skin

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40
Q

superficial

A

situated near the surface

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41
Q

transdermal

A

going across or through the skin

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42
Q

prefix - trans

A

across. through

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43
Q

wheal

A

small itchy swelling of the skin

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44
Q

sebaceous gland

A

secretes into the hair follicle an oily acidic sebum which mixes with broken down keratin cells to lubricate the hair and skin, waterproofing and protecting from bacterial and fungal infection

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45
Q

hair matrix

A

base of a hair follicle

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46
Q

sweat glands

A

3-4 million scattered all over the skin, with clusters on palms soles and forehead. main fucntion is to produce watery perspiration to cool the body. some open directly to skin others to the hair follicles

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47
Q

nails

A

made of closely pack thin dead skin cells that are filled with parallel fibers of hard keratin

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48
Q

cuticle

A

nonliving epidermis at base of finger and toe nails

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49
Q

follicle

A

sphereical mass of cells containing a cavity or small culdesac

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50
Q

matrix

A

the formative portion of a hair or nail or tooth

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51
Q

sebaceous glands

A

glands in the dermis that open into hair follicles and secrete a waxy fluid calld sebum

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52
Q

sebum

A

waxy secretion of the sebaceous gland

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53
Q

dermatitis

A

an inflammatory condition of the skin, often presents as swollen red rash with pruritus with a potential to form vesicles

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53
Q

types of dermatitis

A

eczema
atopic or allergic
contact dermatitis
stasis dermatitis

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54
Q

root - all

A

strange, other

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55
Q

root - erg

A

work, activity

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56
Q

suffix - ergy

A

process of working

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57
Q

suffix - gen

A

to produce

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58
Q

allergen

A

substance producing a hypersensitivity reaction

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59
Q

atopy

A

state of hypersensitivty to an allergen

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60
Q

atopic

A

pertaining to an allergy

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61
Q

eczema

A

inflammatory skin disease, often with serous discharge

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62
Q

eczematous

A

pertaining to eczema

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63
Q

excoriate

A

to scratch

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64
Q

excoriation

A

scratch mark

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65
Q

prefix - ex

A

away from

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66
Q

root - cori

A

skin

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67
Q

suffix - ation

A

process

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68
Q

pruritus or pruiritic

A

itching or itchy

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69
Q

root - prurit

A

itch

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70
Q

rash

A

skin eruption

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71
Q

stasis

A

stagnation in the flow of any body fluid

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72
Q

vesicle

A

small sac containing liquid - blister

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73
Q

basal

A

bottom layer

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73
Q

basal cell carcinomas

A

most common and least dangerous - does not metastasize

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74
Q

malignant melanoma

A

least common but most dangerous skin cancer. Arises in melanin and metastasizes quickly. if neglected the cancer is fatal

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75
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

arises from the cells in the middle layer- responds to surgical removal but can metastasize to lymph glands if neglected

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76
Q

decubitus ulcer (pressure ulcer)

A

can arise from a low blood supply due to pressure on to areas of bony projection

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77
Q

congenital lesions

A

a birthmark caused by abnormal pigmentation or proliferation of blood vessels called a nevus

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78
Q

types of infections of the skin

A

viral
fungal
parasitic
bacterial

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79
Q

viral skin infections

A

warts - human papilloma virus
Varicella-zoser virus - chickenpox, herpes zoster, shingles

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80
Q

carcinoma

A

a malignant and invasive epithelial tumor

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81
Q

root - carcin

A

cancer

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82
Q

suffix - oma

A

tumor, mass

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83
Q

root - genit

A

bring forth

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84
Q

congenital

A

present at birth

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85
Q

prefix - con

A

with

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86
Q

root - cubitus

A

laying down

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87
Q

root - ulcer

A

sore

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88
Q

herpes zoster (shingles)

A

painful eruption of vesicles that follows a nerve root on one side of the body

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89
Q

macule

A

small flat spot or patch on the skin

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90
Q

malignant

A

tumor that invades surrounding tissues and metastasized to distant organs

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91
Q

malignancy

A

state of being malignant

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92
Q

root - malign

A

harmful, bad

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93
Q

suffix - ancy

A

state of

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94
Q

melanoma

A

malignant neoplasm formed from cells that produce melanin

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95
Q

root - melan

A

black pigment

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96
Q

suffix - oma

A

tumor mass

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97
Q

root - stasis

A

stagnate, stay in one place

98
Q

prefix - meta

A

beyond subsequent to

99
Q

suffix - ize

A

affect in a specific way

100
Q

root - stat

A

stationary

101
Q

metastasis

A

spread of a disease from one part of the body to another

102
Q

metastasize

A

to spread to distant parts

103
Q

metastatic

A

pertaining to the character of cells that can metastasize

104
Q

nevus - nevi (pl)

A

congenital lesion of the skin

105
Q

papillomavirus

A

virus that causes warts and is associated with cancer

106
Q

root - papill/o

A

papilla, pimple

107
Q

papule

A

small circumscribed elevation on the skin

108
Q

verruca – verrucae (pl)

A

wart caused by a virus

109
Q

tinea

A

skin infection caused by fungi

110
Q

tinea pedis

A

athletes foot - itching, redness, peeling of the skin

111
Q

tinea capitis

A

ring worm on the scalp

112
Q

tinea corporis

A

ringworm on the body

113
Q

tinea cruris

A

jock itch - infection of the groin

114
Q

candida albicans

A

yeastlike fungus infection of the skin nails and mucous membranes

115
Q

parasite

A

an organism that lives in contact with and feeds off another

116
Q

infestation

A

parasitic invasion

117
Q

root - candid

A

candida

118
Q

candida

A

a yeastlike infection

119
Q

candididiasis

A

infection with a yeastlike fungus

120
Q

thrush

A

another name fo infectino with candida

121
Q

candida albicans

A

most common form of candida

122
Q

carbuncle

A

infection of many hair follicles in a small area often on the back of the neck

123
Q

cellulitus

A

infection of subcutaneous connective tissue

124
Q

root - cellul

A

cell

125
Q

suffix - itis

A

inflammation

126
Q

contagious

A

can be transmitted from person to person or surface to person

127
Q

fungus - fungi (pl)

A

general term used to describe yeasts and molds

128
Q

impetigo

A

infection of the skin producing thick yellow crusts

129
Q

infection

A

invasion of the body by disease producing microorganisms

130
Q

infectious

A

capable of being transmitted or a disease caused by the action of a microorganism

131
Q

root - infect

A

internal invasion, infection

132
Q

root - infest

A

invade

133
Q

louse - lice

A

parasitic insect

134
Q

mucocutaneous

A

junction of skin and mucous membrane, ie the lips

135
Q

root - muc/o

A

mucous membrane

136
Q

root - cutan/e

A

skin

137
Q

root - fasc/i

A

fascia

138
Q

root - necr/o

A

death

139
Q

suffix - ing

A

quality of

140
Q

necrotizing fasciitis

A

inflammation of fascia producing death of the tissue

141
Q

scabies

A

skin disease produced by mites

142
Q

tinea

A

general term for a group of related skin infections caused by different species of fungi fungal infection of the scalp

143
Q

root - capit

A

head

144
Q

root - corpor

A

body

145
Q

root - crur

A

leg

146
Q

root - ped

A

foot

147
Q

root - vers/i

A

to turn

148
Q

tinea versicolor

A

fungal infection of the trunk in which the skin loses pigmentation.

149
Q

toxin

A

poisonous substance formed by a cell or organism

150
Q

root - tox

A

poison

151
Q

toxicity

A

the state of being poisonous

152
Q

collagen

A

a fibrous protein comprises 30#of your total body protein.

153
Q

SLE systemic lupus erythematosus

A

autoimmune disease that occurs mostly in women - skin lesions in a butterfly shaped pattern - can also affect organs, kidnes brain heart lungs and joints

154
Q

psoriasis

A

itchy flaky red patches of skin

155
Q

vitiligo

A

pale irregular patches of skin

156
Q

acne

A

inflammatory diseas of sebaceous glands and hair follicles

157
Q

root - andr/o

A

male

158
Q

androgen

A

hormone that promotes masculine characteristics

159
Q

autoimmune

A

diseases in which the body makes antibodies directed against its own tissues.

160
Q

prefix - auto

A

self

161
Q

root - immune

A

protected from

162
Q

comedo. - comedones (pl)

A

(white head or blackhead)
too much sebum and too many keratin cells block the hair follicle to produce the comedo

163
Q

cyst

A

abnormal fluid filled sac surrounded by a membrane

164
Q

cystic

A

pertaining to a cyst

165
Q

dandruff

A

scales in hair from shedding of the epidermis

166
Q

etiology

A

the study of the causes of a disease

167
Q

root - eti/o

A

cause

168
Q

kaposi sarcoma

A

a form of skin cancer seen in patients with HIV

169
Q

pustule

A

small protuberance on the skin containing pus

protuberance -something that protrudes from something else

170
Q

rosacea

A

persisten erythematous rash of the central face

171
Q

scar

A

fibrotic seam that forms when a wound heals

172
Q

scleroderma

A

thickening and hardening of the skin

173
Q

root - scler/o

A

hard

174
Q

seborrhea. - seborrheic (pl)

A

excessive amount of sebum

175
Q

symptom

A

departure from the nomral health experience by the patient

176
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus

A

inflammatory connective tissue disease affecting the whole body

177
Q

root - system

A

the body as a whole

178
Q

root - erythemat

A

redness

179
Q

suffix - osus

A

condition

180
Q

vitiligo

A

non pigmented white patchs on otherwise normal skin

181
Q

alopecia

A

thinning of the hair

182
Q

hyperhidrosis

A

an uncontrollable overproduction of sweat

183
Q

onychomycois

A

fungal infection of the nail

184
Q

paronychia

A

infection alongside the nail

185
Q

prefix

A

alongside

186
Q

root - onyc

A

nail

187
Q

diascopy

A

a finger or microscope slide is pressed against a lesion to see if it blanches (loses color)

188
Q

cultures

A

using swaps taken from lesions and implanted in growth medium used to diagnose viruses and certain bacteria

189
Q

biopsy

A

excision of a whole lesion or shaving of the lesion for microscopic examination

190
Q

photodynamic therapy (PDT)

A

series exposing the skin to in acne to high intensity blue light creating a toxic environment in which bacteria in the sebaceous glands cannot live. Can also be used on precancerious lesions called actinic keratoses

191
Q

laser therapy

A

used to manage birthmarks, vascular lesions, warts, and skin disorders like vitiligo

192
Q

chemical peels

A

acid solution such as glycolic, salicylic or carbolic acid apple to ares of the skin to reduce fine lines and wrinkles, treat sun damage, and reduce age spots and dark patches

193
Q

cryotherapy - crysurgery

A

liquid nitrogen is applied to treat acne, scars, sebaceous plaques, and some skin cancers.

194
Q

actinic

A

pertaining to the sun

195
Q

root - actin

A

ray

196
Q

root - bi

A

life

197
Q

suffix - opsy

A

removing tissue from a living person for a laboratory examination

198
Q

prefix - dia

A

through

199
Q

root - scopy

A

to examine

200
Q

root - kerat

A

horny (not that kind!)

201
Q

keratosis - keratoses (pl)

A

epidermal lesion of circumscribed overgrowth of the horny layer

202
Q

melasma -

A

patchy pigmentation of the skin

203
Q

pigment

A

a coloring matter or stain

204
Q

hypopigmentation

A

below normal melanin relative to the surrounding skin

205
Q

root - kerat/o

A

horn

206
Q

cream

A

emulsion of oil and water

206
Q

solution

A

powder dissolved in water or alcohol

207
Q

lotions

A

powder mixed with oil and water

208
Q

gels

A

semisolid emulsion in an alcohol base

209
Q

ointments

A

homogenous semisolid preparation

210
Q

first degree burn (superficial)

A

involves only the epidermis and produce superficial inflammation, with redness pain and slight edema. healing 3-5 days, no scaring, but desquamation (peeling) often occurs

211
Q

second degree burn (partial thickness)

A

involves the epidermis and dermis, but leave some of the dermis intact. produces redness, blisters, and severe pain. healing 2-3 weeks, minimal scarring

212
Q

third degree burn (full thickness)

A

involves epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissues, which are often completely destroyed. Healing takes a long time and involves skin grafts.

213
Q

fourth degree burn

A

destroys all layers of the skin and involve underlying tendons muscles and sometimes bones

214
Q

allograft or homograft

A

graft taken from another person

215
Q

autograft

A

graft taken from another location of the patients body-not rejected by the immune system

216
Q

xenograft or heterograft

A

a graft from another species such as pig for heart valves

217
Q

debridement

A

the removal of injured or necrotic tissue

218
Q

root - bride

A

rubbish

219
Q

suffix - ment

A

resulting state

220
Q

prefix - de

A

take away

221
Q

desquamation

A

the peeling of outer layer of skin shedding of epidermis

222
Q

eschar

A

burnt dead tissue on top of a third degree burn

223
Q

suffix - ory

A

having the function of

224
Q

root -graft

A

transplant

225
Q

lentigo - langtiginess (pl)

A

age spot, small flat brown black spot in the skin of older people

226
Q

shock

A

sudden physical, or mental, or circulatory collapse

227
Q

prefix - xeno

A

foreign

228
Q

keloid

A

excessive fibrosis and scar tissue producing raised irregular lump shiny skin

229
Q

abdominoplasty

A

tummy tuck - removal of excess subcutaneous fat from the abdominal wall

230
Q

suffix - plasty

A

surgical repiar

231
Q

abrasion

A

are of skin or mucous membrane that has been scraped off

232
Q

blepharoplasty

A

surgical repair of the eyelid

233
Q

root - blephar

A

eyelid

234
Q

clot

A

mass of fibrin and cells that is produced in a wound

235
Q

dermabrasion

A

removal of upper layers of the skin by rotary brush

236
Q

laceration

A

a tear or jagged wound of the skin caused by blunt trauma not a cut

237
Q

root - lacer

A

to tear

238
Q

lipectomy

A

surgical removal of adipose tissue

239
Q

liposuction

A

surgical removal of adipose tissue using suction

240
Q

root - lip/o

A

fat

241
Q

root - suct

A

suck

242
Q

suffix - ectomy

A

surgical excision

243
Q
A

CBD_MT (8 decks)

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