ch3 - functions and structure of the skin Flashcards
integumentary system
skin and its associated organs -
hair follicles, finger nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands
functions of the skin
Protection - uv rays, microbes and toxins
water resistance - leaking in or out
temperature regulation
vitamin D regulation
sensation - nerve endings detect pressure, temperature, vibration
excretion and secretion - water and waste
social functions - refelects emotions; blushing, pale
vasodilation
capillaries in the skin opens up or dilates - when too hot
vasoconstriction
capillaries in the skin narrow, decrease blood flow, body retains heat
root - cutan/e
skin
cutaneous
pertaining to the skin
root - dermat/o
skin
prefix - ex
out of, away from
root - crete
seperate
suffix - ion
action
excrete
to pass waste products of metabolism out of the body
excretion
removal of waste products of metabolism out of the body
flora
the population of microorganism covering the exterior and interior surface of healthy animals
root - integument
covering of the body
prognosis
forecast of the probably future course and outcome of a disease
prefix - pro
projecting forward
root - gnosis
knowledge
root - secret
produce
secrete - secretion
production by cells of a physiologically active substance and its movement out of the cell
synthesis
the proces of building a compound from different elements
prefix - syn
together
root - thesis
to organize, arrange
root - thet
arrange, organize
synthetic
built up or put together form simpler compounds
prefix - ultra
beyond
ultraviolet
lights rays at a higher frequency than the violet end of the spectrum
epidermis
the most superficial layer of the skin
keratinocytes
layers of squamous cells of the skin
keratin
a tough scaly protein that is also the basis for your hair and nails - shields your body from harmful elements like chemicals and bacteria
dermis
thicker connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis - contains abundance of collagen fibers sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles and nail roots
hypodermis - subcutaneous tissue lair
subcutaneous fat (adipose tissue) nerves and larger blood vessels - regulates body temperature and helps protect your vital organs.
adipose
containing fat
suffix - ose
full of
intradermal
within the dermis
root - adip
fat
prefix - intra
within
intramuscular
within the muscle
squamous cell
flat scale like epithelial cell
subcutaneous
below the skin
superficial
situated near the surface
transdermal
going across or through the skin
prefix - trans
across. through
wheal
small itchy swelling of the skin
sebaceous gland
secretes into the hair follicle an oily acidic sebum which mixes with broken down keratin cells to lubricate the hair and skin, waterproofing and protecting from bacterial and fungal infection
hair matrix
base of a hair follicle
sweat glands
3-4 million scattered all over the skin, with clusters on palms soles and forehead. main fucntion is to produce watery perspiration to cool the body. some open directly to skin others to the hair follicles
nails
made of closely pack thin dead skin cells that are filled with parallel fibers of hard keratin
cuticle
nonliving epidermis at base of finger and toe nails
follicle
sphereical mass of cells containing a cavity or small culdesac
matrix
the formative portion of a hair or nail or tooth
sebaceous glands
glands in the dermis that open into hair follicles and secrete a waxy fluid calld sebum
sebum
waxy secretion of the sebaceous gland
dermatitis
an inflammatory condition of the skin, often presents as swollen red rash with pruritus with a potential to form vesicles
types of dermatitis
eczema
atopic or allergic
contact dermatitis
stasis dermatitis
root - all
strange, other
root - erg
work, activity
suffix - ergy
process of working
suffix - gen
to produce
allergen
substance producing a hypersensitivity reaction
atopy
state of hypersensitivty to an allergen
atopic
pertaining to an allergy
eczema
inflammatory skin disease, often with serous discharge
eczematous
pertaining to eczema
excoriate
to scratch
excoriation
scratch mark
prefix - ex
away from
root - cori
skin
suffix - ation
process
pruritus or pruiritic
itching or itchy
root - prurit
itch
rash
skin eruption
stasis
stagnation in the flow of any body fluid
vesicle
small sac containing liquid - blister
basal
bottom layer
basal cell carcinomas
most common and least dangerous - does not metastasize
malignant melanoma
least common but most dangerous skin cancer. Arises in melanin and metastasizes quickly. if neglected the cancer is fatal
squamous cell carcinoma
arises from the cells in the middle layer- responds to surgical removal but can metastasize to lymph glands if neglected
decubitus ulcer (pressure ulcer)
can arise from a low blood supply due to pressure on to areas of bony projection
congenital lesions
a birthmark caused by abnormal pigmentation or proliferation of blood vessels called a nevus
types of infections of the skin
viral
fungal
parasitic
bacterial
viral skin infections
warts - human papilloma virus
Varicella-zoser virus - chickenpox, herpes zoster, shingles
carcinoma
a malignant and invasive epithelial tumor
root - carcin
cancer
suffix - oma
tumor, mass
root - genit
bring forth
congenital
present at birth
prefix - con
with
root - cubitus
laying down
root - ulcer
sore
herpes zoster (shingles)
painful eruption of vesicles that follows a nerve root on one side of the body
macule
small flat spot or patch on the skin
malignant
tumor that invades surrounding tissues and metastasized to distant organs
malignancy
state of being malignant
root - malign
harmful, bad
suffix - ancy
state of
melanoma
malignant neoplasm formed from cells that produce melanin
root - melan
black pigment
suffix - oma
tumor mass
root - stasis
stagnate, stay in one place
prefix - meta
beyond subsequent to
suffix - ize
affect in a specific way
root - stat
stationary
metastasis
spread of a disease from one part of the body to another
metastasize
to spread to distant parts
metastatic
pertaining to the character of cells that can metastasize
nevus - nevi (pl)
congenital lesion of the skin
papillomavirus
virus that causes warts and is associated with cancer
root - papill/o
papilla, pimple
papule
small circumscribed elevation on the skin
verruca – verrucae (pl)
wart caused by a virus
tinea
skin infection caused by fungi
tinea pedis
athletes foot - itching, redness, peeling of the skin
tinea capitis
ring worm on the scalp
tinea corporis
ringworm on the body
tinea cruris
jock itch - infection of the groin
candida albicans
yeastlike fungus infection of the skin nails and mucous membranes
parasite
an organism that lives in contact with and feeds off another
infestation
parasitic invasion
root - candid
candida
candida
a yeastlike infection
candididiasis
infection with a yeastlike fungus
thrush
another name fo infectino with candida
candida albicans
most common form of candida
carbuncle
infection of many hair follicles in a small area often on the back of the neck
cellulitus
infection of subcutaneous connective tissue
root - cellul
cell
suffix - itis
inflammation
contagious
can be transmitted from person to person or surface to person
fungus - fungi (pl)
general term used to describe yeasts and molds
impetigo
infection of the skin producing thick yellow crusts
infection
invasion of the body by disease producing microorganisms
infectious
capable of being transmitted or a disease caused by the action of a microorganism
root - infect
internal invasion, infection
root - infest
invade
louse - lice
parasitic insect
mucocutaneous
junction of skin and mucous membrane, ie the lips
root - muc/o
mucous membrane
root - cutan/e
skin
root - fasc/i
fascia
root - necr/o
death
suffix - ing
quality of
necrotizing fasciitis
inflammation of fascia producing death of the tissue
scabies
skin disease produced by mites
tinea
general term for a group of related skin infections caused by different species of fungi fungal infection of the scalp
root - capit
head
root - corpor
body
root - crur
leg
root - ped
foot
root - vers/i
to turn
tinea versicolor
fungal infection of the trunk in which the skin loses pigmentation.
toxin
poisonous substance formed by a cell or organism
root - tox
poison
toxicity
the state of being poisonous
collagen
a fibrous protein comprises 30#of your total body protein.
SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
autoimmune disease that occurs mostly in women - skin lesions in a butterfly shaped pattern - can also affect organs, kidnes brain heart lungs and joints
psoriasis
itchy flaky red patches of skin
vitiligo
pale irregular patches of skin
acne
inflammatory diseas of sebaceous glands and hair follicles
root - andr/o
male
androgen
hormone that promotes masculine characteristics
autoimmune
diseases in which the body makes antibodies directed against its own tissues.
prefix - auto
self
root - immune
protected from
comedo. - comedones (pl)
(white head or blackhead)
too much sebum and too many keratin cells block the hair follicle to produce the comedo
cyst
abnormal fluid filled sac surrounded by a membrane
cystic
pertaining to a cyst
dandruff
scales in hair from shedding of the epidermis
etiology
the study of the causes of a disease
root - eti/o
cause
kaposi sarcoma
a form of skin cancer seen in patients with HIV
pustule
small protuberance on the skin containing pus
protuberance -something that protrudes from something else
rosacea
persisten erythematous rash of the central face
scar
fibrotic seam that forms when a wound heals
scleroderma
thickening and hardening of the skin
root - scler/o
hard
seborrhea. - seborrheic (pl)
excessive amount of sebum
symptom
departure from the nomral health experience by the patient
systemic lupus erythematosus
inflammatory connective tissue disease affecting the whole body
root - system
the body as a whole
root - erythemat
redness
suffix - osus
condition
vitiligo
non pigmented white patchs on otherwise normal skin
alopecia
thinning of the hair
hyperhidrosis
an uncontrollable overproduction of sweat
onychomycois
fungal infection of the nail
paronychia
infection alongside the nail
prefix
alongside
root - onyc
nail
diascopy
a finger or microscope slide is pressed against a lesion to see if it blanches (loses color)
cultures
using swaps taken from lesions and implanted in growth medium used to diagnose viruses and certain bacteria
biopsy
excision of a whole lesion or shaving of the lesion for microscopic examination
photodynamic therapy (PDT)
series exposing the skin to in acne to high intensity blue light creating a toxic environment in which bacteria in the sebaceous glands cannot live. Can also be used on precancerious lesions called actinic keratoses
laser therapy
used to manage birthmarks, vascular lesions, warts, and skin disorders like vitiligo
chemical peels
acid solution such as glycolic, salicylic or carbolic acid apple to ares of the skin to reduce fine lines and wrinkles, treat sun damage, and reduce age spots and dark patches
cryotherapy - crysurgery
liquid nitrogen is applied to treat acne, scars, sebaceous plaques, and some skin cancers.
actinic
pertaining to the sun
root - actin
ray
root - bi
life
suffix - opsy
removing tissue from a living person for a laboratory examination
prefix - dia
through
root - scopy
to examine
root - kerat
horny (not that kind!)
keratosis - keratoses (pl)
epidermal lesion of circumscribed overgrowth of the horny layer
melasma -
patchy pigmentation of the skin
pigment
a coloring matter or stain
hypopigmentation
below normal melanin relative to the surrounding skin
root - kerat/o
horn
cream
emulsion of oil and water
solution
powder dissolved in water or alcohol
lotions
powder mixed with oil and water
gels
semisolid emulsion in an alcohol base
ointments
homogenous semisolid preparation
first degree burn (superficial)
involves only the epidermis and produce superficial inflammation, with redness pain and slight edema. healing 3-5 days, no scaring, but desquamation (peeling) often occurs
second degree burn (partial thickness)
involves the epidermis and dermis, but leave some of the dermis intact. produces redness, blisters, and severe pain. healing 2-3 weeks, minimal scarring
third degree burn (full thickness)
involves epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissues, which are often completely destroyed. Healing takes a long time and involves skin grafts.
fourth degree burn
destroys all layers of the skin and involve underlying tendons muscles and sometimes bones
allograft or homograft
graft taken from another person
autograft
graft taken from another location of the patients body-not rejected by the immune system
xenograft or heterograft
a graft from another species such as pig for heart valves
debridement
the removal of injured or necrotic tissue
root - bride
rubbish
suffix - ment
resulting state
prefix - de
take away
desquamation
the peeling of outer layer of skin shedding of epidermis
eschar
burnt dead tissue on top of a third degree burn
suffix - ory
having the function of
root -graft
transplant
lentigo - langtiginess (pl)
age spot, small flat brown black spot in the skin of older people
shock
sudden physical, or mental, or circulatory collapse
prefix - xeno
foreign
keloid
excessive fibrosis and scar tissue producing raised irregular lump shiny skin
abdominoplasty
tummy tuck - removal of excess subcutaneous fat from the abdominal wall
suffix - plasty
surgical repiar
abrasion
are of skin or mucous membrane that has been scraped off
blepharoplasty
surgical repair of the eyelid
root - blephar
eyelid
clot
mass of fibrin and cells that is produced in a wound
dermabrasion
removal of upper layers of the skin by rotary brush
laceration
a tear or jagged wound of the skin caused by blunt trauma not a cut
root - lacer
to tear
lipectomy
surgical removal of adipose tissue
liposuction
surgical removal of adipose tissue using suction
root - lip/o
fat
root - suct
suck
suffix - ectomy
surgical excision
