Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CBD_MT > Ch4 - The Skeletal System > Flashcards

Ch4 - The Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Orthopedic Surgeons - Orthopedists

A

doctors of osteopathic medicine (DO’s) who deal with the prevention and correction of injuries of the skeletal system and associated muscles joints and ligaments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Osteopathic physicians

A

earned a doctor of osteopathy degree and receive additional training in the musculoskeletal system and how it affects the whole body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chiropractors

A

Focus on the manual adjustment of joints, particularly the spine to maintain and restore health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Physical therapists

A

evaluate and treat pain, disease, or injury by physical therapeutic measures as opposed to medical or surgical measures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Physical Therapist assitants

A

work under the direction of a physical therapist to assist patients with their physical therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

orthopedic technologists / technicians

A

assist orthopedic surgeons in treating patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

podiatrists

A

are practitioners in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders and injuries of the foot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Components of the skeletal system

A

bones
cartilage
tendons
ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cartilage

A

(latin - gristle) Nonvascular firm connective tissue found mostly in joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Root - chir/o

A

hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Root - pract

A

efficient or practical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

suffix - or

A

doer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

chiropractic

A

diagnosis treatment and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

detoxification

A

removing poison from a tissue or substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

suffix - fication

A

remove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

root - toxi

A

poison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

prefix - de

A

from. out of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ligament

A

band of fibrous tissue connecting two structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

muscle

A

a tissue consisting of cells that can contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

musculoskeletal

A

pertaining to the muscles and bony sekeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

root - orth/o

A

straight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

root - ped

A

child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

orthopedic

A

pertaining to the correction and cure of deformities and diseases of the musculoskeletal system (originally most deformities treated were in children)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

root - oste/o

A

bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

suffix - path or pathy

A

disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

osteopathy

A

medical practice based on. maintaining the balance of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

tendon

A

fibrous band that connects muscle to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

classification of bones

A

Long - longer than wider - main bones of limbs
Short - as long as they are wide - patella, wrists, ankles
Flat - skull and ribs
Irregular - vertebrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft of a long bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Cortical bone

A

compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Epiphysis

A

Expanded area at the proximal and distal ends of the long bone; provides increased surface area for attachment of ligaments and tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Epiphysial plate

A

layers of cartilage cells between the diaphysis and epiphysis, that allow your bones to grow longer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

periosteum

A

strong membrane surrounding a bone — tough connective tissue sheath that covers the outer surface of all bones. Protects the bone and anchors blood vessels and nerves to the bones surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

medula

A

hollow cylindar in the diaphysis (shaft) contains bone marrow, fatty tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Classes of joints

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Fibrous joints

A

two bones tightly bound together by bands of fibrous tissue with no joint space - the skull, tibia, fibula, teeth and their sockets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

joints joining two bones with cartilage - ribs, pubic bones in front of the pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Synovial joints

A

joints contain synovial fluid as lubricant and allow considerable movement. The ends of those bones are covered with Hyaline articular cartilage. some have additional fibrocartilage (ie meniscus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Bursa - bursae (pl)

A

A closed sac containing synovial fluid -
an extension of the synovial joint that forms a cushion between structure that otherwise rub against each other. - patellar tendon, patellar and tibial bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

suffix - ate

A

composed of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Root - articul

A

joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

suffix - ation

A

process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

articulate

A

two separate bones have formed a join

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

articulation

A

a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Central canals - Haversian canals

A

Vertically running canals found in cortical bones, contain blood vessels and nerve fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

root - cortic

A

cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Cortex - cortical

A

outer portion of an organ, such as bone pertaining to a cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Hyaline

A

cartilage that looks like frosted glass and contains fine collagen fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

marrow

A

fatty blood forming tissue in cavities of long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

meniscus - menisci (pl)

A

disc of cartilage between the bones of a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

suture

A

a place where two bones are joined together by a fibrous band, continuous with their periosteum as in the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

root - ov/i

A

egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

prefix - syn

A

together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

synovial

A

pertaining to synovial fluid and synovial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Structure of Axial Skeleton

A

Vertebral column
skull
rib cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

function of the axial skeleton

A

upright axis - protects the brain, spinal cord, heart and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Sections of vertebral colum

A

26 bones divided into five regions
Cervical - 7 vertebrae C1-C7
Thoracic- 12 vertebrae - T1-T12
Lumbar - 5 vertebrae L1-L5
Sacral - 5 bones fused into 1 (sacrum
Coccyx - 4 small bones fused into 1 - tailbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

invertebral discs

A

fibrocartilage found in the axial skeleton; inhibits the invertebral space between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae and provide support and cushioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

root - cervic

A

neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

coccyx

A

small tailbone at the lowest end of the vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

disc

A

flattened round structure in the skeletal system; flattend round fibrocartilaginous structure between bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

foramen - foramina (pl)

A

an opening through a structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

invertebral

A

located between two vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

root - vertebr

A

vertebra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

prefix - inter

A

between

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

lumbar

A

the region of teh back and sides between the ribs and pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

sacrum

A

segment of the vertebral column that forms the pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

root - thorac

A

chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Cranium

A

the upper part of the skull that encloses the cranial cavity and protects the brain - consists of 8 bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Bones of the cranium

A

Frontal - forehead, roofs of eye socket, part of cranial floor, pair right left frontal sinus
Parietal - bulging sides of the roof of cranium
Occipital - back of and part of the base of cranium
Temporal - sides and part of the base of cranium
Sphenoid - part of the base of the cranium and orbits
Ethmoid - hollow and forms part of the nose, orbits, and ethmoid sinuses (air cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Facial Bones

A

Maxillary - upper jaw (maxilla), holds upper teeth, hollow forming maxillary sinuses
Palatine - located behind the maxilla, can not be seen on a lateral view of skull
Zygomatic - cheekbones
Lacrimal - medial wall of each eye orbit
Nasal - form the sides and bridge of nose
Mandible - lower jaw bone -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

tempromandibular joint (TMJ)

A

between the temporal bone and the mandibleMANDIBLE ARTICULATE WITH THE TEMPORAL BONE TO FORM THIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

root - ethm

A

sieve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

suffix - oid

A

resembling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

root - crani

A

skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

root - lacrim

A

tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

root - pariet

A

wall

78
Q

root - sphen

A

wedge

79
Q

root - tempor

A

time, temple

80
Q

ethmoid bone

A

bone that forms the back of the nose and encloses numerous air cells

81
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

bones and joints of your pectoral shoulder; connects your axial skeleton to your upper limbs

Scapulae
Clavicles
Acromion
Acromioclavicular (AC) joint

82
Q

Humerus

A

bone of the upper arm

83
Q

Acromion

A

lateral end of the scapula, extending over the shoulder joint

84
Q

Acromioclavicular

A

the joint between the acromion and the clavicle

85
Q

Clavicle

A

Collar bone - curved bone that forms the anterior part of the pectoral girdle

86
Q

Carpus

A

the eight carpal bones of the wrist

87
Q

metacarpal

A

the five bones between the carpus and the fingers

88
Q

capitulum

A

small head or rounded extremity of a bone

89
Q

root - capit/u

A

small head

90
Q

suffix - lum

A

small structure

91
Q

eponym

A

a procedure or diagnosis with a name derived from its founder

92
Q

olecranon

A

prominent proximal extremity of ulna (elbow)

93
Q

prefix - meta

A

after, subsequent to

94
Q

root - carp/o

A

bones f the wrist

95
Q

root - phalang/e

A

phalanx, finger or toe

96
Q

metacarpophalangeal

A

the joints between the metacarpal bones and the phalanges

97
Q

root - pector

A

chest

98
Q

phalanx

A

one of the bones of the digits (fingers or toes)

99
Q

root - pronat

A

bend down

100
Q

Prone - pronate

A

lying face down on the belly

101
Q

pronation

A

process of lying face down or turning a hand or foot with the volar (palm/sole) surface face down

102
Q

radius

A

the forearm bone on the thumb side

103
Q

root - supinate

A

bend backward

104
Q

supination

A

process of lying face upward or turning hand or foot so the palm or sol is facing up

105
Q

scapula - scapulae (pl) - scapular

A

shoulder blade

106
Q

trochlea

A

smooth articular surface of bone on which another glides

107
Q

root - trochle

A

pulley

108
Q

ulna

A

medial and larger bone of the forearm

109
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

two hip bones - fusion of three bones, ilium ischium and pubis
symphysis pubis
sacrum

110
Q

Labrum

A

articular cartilage that forms a rim around the hip joint socket

110
Q

acetabulum

A

cup shaped cavity of the hip bone that recieves the head of the femur to form the hip joint

111
Q

femur - femoral

A

thigh bone

112
Q

ilim

A

large wing shaped bone at the upper and poster part of the pelvis

113
Q

ischium - ischia (pl). - ischial

A

lower and posterior part of the hip joint

114
Q

pelvis

A

basin shaped ring of bones, ligaments, and muscles at the base of the spine

115
Q

pubis - pubic

A

alternative name for the hip bone

116
Q

sacroiliac joint

A

the joint between the sacrum and the ilium

117
Q

the knee joint

A

femur
tibia
patella
fibula

118
Q

ligaments that hold the knee together

A

medial collateral ligaments
lateral collateral ligaments
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
posterior cruciate ligament

119
Q

calcaneus - calcaneal

A

bone of the tarsus that forms the heel

120
Q

collateral

A

situated at the side, often to bybass an obstruction

121
Q

root - later

A

side

122
Q

prefix - co

A

together

123
Q

cruciate

A

shaped like a cross, two internal ligaments of the knee joint

124
Q

fibula - fibular

A

the smaller of the two bones of the lower leg

125
Q

metatarsus - metatarsal

A

the five parallel bones of the foot between the tarsus and phallanges

126
Q

patella - patellae (pl) - petellar

A

kneecap - circular thin bone in front of the kne joint embedded in the patellar tendon

127
Q

prepatellar

A

in front of the patella

128
Q

talus

A

the tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia to form the ankle

129
Q

tarsus - tarsal

A

the collection of seven bones in the foot that form the ankle instep

130
Q

tibia

A

larger bone of the lower leg

131
Q

osteopenia

A

low bone density - decreased calcification

132
Q

osteoporosis

A

loss of bone density

133
Q

osteomyelitis

A

an inflammation of bone and bone marrow caused by bacterial infection such as staphylococcus

134
Q

ostemalacia

A

a disease caused by vitamin D deficiency where the calcium lacking bones become soft and flexible and become bowed (also called rickets)

135
Q

achondroplasia

A

long bones stop growing in childhood, but axial bones are not affected (dwarfism)

136
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta (oi)

A

rare genetic disorder producing very brittle bones that are easily fracture or broken, often in utero

137
Q

Bone cancer forms

A

osteogenic sarcoma - occurs in bone cells around the knees in adolescents
ewing sarcoma - often in children and adolescents
chondrosarcoma - arises in cartilage cells often in the pelvises of older people

138
Q

suffix - plasia

A

formation

139
Q

root - chondr/o

A

cartilage

140
Q

suffix - malacia

A

abnormal softness

141
Q

root - myel

A

bone marrow

142
Q

root - por/o

A

opening

143
Q

suffix - oma

A

tumor

144
Q

sacroma

A

malignant tumor originating in connective tissue

145
Q

root - sarc

A

flesh

146
Q

chondrosarcoma

A

malignant tumor originating in cartilage cells

147
Q

ewing sarcoma

A

malignant neoplasm in bones of the extremities before the age of 20

148
Q

osteogenic sarcoma

A

malignant tumor originating in bone producing cells

149
Q

Closed (simple) fracture

A

bone is broken but the skin is not broken

150
Q

Open (compound) fracture

A

fragment of the fractured bone breaks through the skin

151
Q

displaced fracture

A

the fracture bone parts are out of line

152
Q

complete fracture

A

a bone is broken into at least two fragments

153
Q

incomplete fracture

A

the fracture does not extend completely across the bone, it can be hairline as in a stress fracture

154
Q

comminuted fracture

A

the bone breaks into several pieces

155
Q

transverse fracture

A

the fracture is at right angles to the long axis of the bone

156
Q

impacted fracture

A

the fracture consists of one bone fragment driven into another, resulting in a shorter limb

157
Q

spiral fracture

A

the fracture spirals around the long axis of the bone

158
Q

oblique fracture

A

the fracture runs diagnoally across the long axis of the bone

159
Q

linear fracture

A

the fracture runs parallel to the long axis of the bone

160
Q

greenstick fracture

A

partial fracture, one side breaks and the other bends

161
Q

pathologic fracture

A

fracture occurs in an area of bone weakend by disease such as cancer

162
Q

compression fracture

A

the fracture occurs in a vertebra from trauma or pathology, leading to the vertebra being crushed

163
Q

stress fracture

A

this is a fatigue fracture caused by repetitive local stress on a bone as occurs in marching or running

164
Q

hematoma

A

a collection of blood that has escaped from the blood vessels into tissue

165
Q

callus

A

bony tissue that forms at a fracture site early in the healing

166
Q

cancellous

A

bone that has a spongy or lattice like structure

167
Q

comminuted

A

a fracture in which the bone is broken into pieces

168
Q

osteoblast

A

a bone forming cell

169
Q

osteocyte

A

a bone maintaining cell

170
Q

kyphosis - kyphotic

A

a normal posterior curve of the thoracic spine that can be exaggerated in a disease.

171
Q

lordosis - lordotic

A

an exaggerated forward curvature of the lumbar spin

172
Q

scoliosis - scoliotic

A

an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column

173
Q

whiplash

A

symptoms caused by sudden uncontrolled extension and flexion of the neck

174
Q

shoulder speration

A

disloaction of the acromioclavicular joint (AC joint) often caused by a fall on the shoulder

175
Q

shoulder dislocation

A

occurs when the ball of the humerus slips out of the scapulas socket

176
Q

shoulder subluxation

A

occurs when the ball of the humerus slips partially out of position in the socket, an moves back in

177
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint or joints

178
Q

root - arthr

A

joint

179
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

180
Q

osteoarthritis

A

chronic inflammatory disease of the joints with pain and loss of function

181
Q

rhenumatism

A

pain in various parts of the musculoskeletal system

182
Q

rhenumatoid arthritis

A

disease of connecting tissue with arthritis as a major manifestation

183
Q

subluxation

A

an incomplete dislocation when some contact between the joint surfaces remains

184
Q

avascular

A

without blood supply

185
Q

bunion

A

a swelling at the base of the big toe

186
Q

diastasis

A

a speration of normally joined parts

187
Q

hyperflexion

A

flexion of a limb or part beyond the normal limits

188
Q

hallux valgus

A

deviation of the big toe toward the medial side of the foot

189
Q

necrosis

A

pathologic death of tissue cells

190
Q

root - hallux

A

big toe

191
Q

root - valcus

A

turn out

192
Q

root - pod

A

foot

CBD_MT (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions