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Anatomy > Ch.5 - Integumentary System > Flashcards

Ch.5 - Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

The skin alone is called the

A

Integument

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2
Q

The skin’s epidermal cells contain an abundance of this tough protein

A

Keratin

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3
Q

These nerve endings in the skin regulate body temperature

A

thermoreceptors

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4
Q

These are the 5 types of cells in the epidermis
KSMTD

A

Keratinocytes
Stem cells
Melanocytes
Tactile cells
Dendritic cells

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5
Q

A cell of the epidermis that synthesizes keratin

A

Keratinocytes

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6
Q

A cell of the epidermis that is undifferentiated that has potential to develop into blood cells or germ cells

A

Stem cells

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7
Q

A cell of the stratum basale of the epidermis that synthesizes melanin and transfers it to keratinocytes

A

Melanocytes

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8
Q

A cell of the epidermis that is a receptor for touch

A

Tactile cells

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9
Q

An antigen-presenting cell of the epidermis

A

Dendritic cell

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10
Q

Number of layers in the epidermis

A

5

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11
Q

Layer of the epidermis that is a single layer of cuboidal to low columnar stem cells and keratinocytes resting on a basement membrane

A

Stratum basale

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12
Q

Layer of the epidermis that is the thickest in most areas and consists if layers of keratinocytes.

A

Stratum spinosum

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13
Q

Layer of the epidermis containing layers of flat keratinocytes that contain dark-staining keratohyalin granules

A

Stratum granulosum

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14
Q

Layer of the epidermis is a thin, translucent layer only seen in thick skin

A

stratum lucidum

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15
Q

This is the name of the protein in the stratum lucidum

A

eleidin

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16
Q

Layer of the epidermis consisting of up to 30 layers of dead, keratinized cells that form a durable surface

A

stratum corneum

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17
Q

Thick accumulations of keratinocytes on the hands or feet

A

callus/corns

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18
Q

This barrier is crucial to retaining water in the body and preventing dehydration

A

Epidermal water barrier

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19
Q

This layer is beneath the epidermis

A

Dermis

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20
Q

The dermis mainly contains this fiber

A

Collagen

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21
Q

The dermis is this kind of connective tissue

A

Fibrous connective tissue

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22
Q

Hair follicles and nail roots are embedded in the

A

Dermis

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23
Q

A bump/ridge of the dermis that extends upward to interlace with the epidermis as a method of connection

A

dermal papilla

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24
Q

These are the 2 zones of the dermis

A

Papillary layer and the reticular layer

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25
Q

This layer of the dermis is made of areolar connective tissue and is rich in small blood vessels

A

Papillary layer

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26
Q

This layer of the dermis is much thicker and consists of dense irregular connective tissue

A

Reticular layer

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27
Q

This is the layer right beneath the skin, AKA the subcutaneous tissue

A

Hypodermis

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28
Q

The hypodermis generally has more of these 2 kinds of tissue

A

Areolar and adipose

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29
Q

These cells produce melanin

A

Melanocytes

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30
Q

There are 2 kinds of melanin

A

Pheomelanin and eumelanin

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31
Q

A yellow pigment of the skin acquired from egg yolks, yellow and orange vegetables

A

Carotene

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32
Q

Blueness of the skin resulting from a lack of oxygen in the circulating bloof

A

Cyanosis

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33
Q

Abnormal redness of the skin

A

Erythema

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34
Q

Pale/ashen color of the skin resulting from very little blood flow to the skin. Can occur during stress or hypovolemic shock

A

Pallor

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35
Q

Genetic lack of melanin

A

Albinism

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36
Q

Melanin is synthesized from this amino acid by this enzyme

A

Tyrosine amino acid by tyrosinase enzyme

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37
Q

Yellowing of the skin and whites of eyes due to the build-up of bilirubin in the blood

A

Jaundice

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38
Q

Bilirubin is the breakdown of

A

Hemoglobin

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39
Q

Mass of clotted blood showing through the skin, AKA bruise

A

Hematoma

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40
Q

Markings on fingertips that leave distinctively oily fingerprints on surfaces we touch

A

Friction ridges

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41
Q

These are the lines on the flexor surfaces of the digits, palms, wrists, elbows, etc. that mark there the skin folds

A

Flexion lines

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42
Q

Flat, melanized patches that vary with heredity and exposure to the sun

A

Freckles

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43
Q

Elevated patch of melanized skin, often with hair

A

Mole/Nevus

44
Q

Patches of discolored skin caused by benign tumors of the blood capillaries, AKA Birthmarks

A

Hemangiomas

45
Q

A smaller organ embedded into the skin. Examples include the nails and hair

A

Accessory organs

46
Q

A single hair is AKA

A

pilus (pl. ‘pili’)

47
Q

We grow 3 different kinds of hair over our lifetime

A

Downy hair
Vellus hair
Terminal hair

48
Q

Fine, unpigmented hair of the fetus

A

Downy hair

49
Q

Downy hair is eventually replaced by this type of hair, which is similar to downy hair

A

Vellus hair

50
Q

Longer, coarser, usually more heavily-pigmented hair in our eyebrows, eyelashes, etc.

A

Terminal hair

51
Q

A hair is divisible into 2 parts

A

Hair shaft and hair root

52
Q

The hair root is embedded in the

A

Dermis

53
Q

The swollen base of a hair root is the

A

Hair bulb

54
Q

This provides hair with its sole source of nutrition

A

Dermal papilla

55
Q

AKA the hair’s growth center, is the site of actively dividing cells

A

hair matrix

56
Q

This small smooth muscle extends from the dermis to the hair follicle and responds to cold/fear/otherstimuli

A

arrector pili

57
Q

Brown and black hair are rich in

A

eumelanin

58
Q

Red hair has less ? and a high concentration of ?

A

less eumelanin, higher concentration of pheomelanin

59
Q

Blonde hair has an intermediate amount of ? but very little

A

Intermediate amount of pheomelanin, very little eumelanin

60
Q

Gray/white hair results from a scarcity of

A

melanin

61
Q

Baldness/Thinning of the hair

A

Alopecia

62
Q

In this condition, hair is lost from select regions instead of thinning uniformly across the scalp

A

Pattern baldness

63
Q

What are the 2 kinds of sweat glands?

A

Apocrine and eccrine

64
Q

This sweat gland produces the “stinky” sweat in the axillae, groin, areola, anal region, and beard area

A

Apocrine sweat glands

65
Q

Where do apocrine sweat gland ducts lead to?

A

The hair follicle

NOT the skin’s surface

66
Q

By which method do apocrine and eccrine sweat glands secrete their product?

A

Exocytosis

67
Q

Eccrine glands are AKA

A

merocrine glands

68
Q

Eccrine sweat glands release its product directly to the

A

skin surface

69
Q

This is the main function of an eccrine sweat gland

A

cool the body

70
Q

Where are eccrine sweat glands primarily found?

A

Palms, soles, and forehead

71
Q

UV radiation is divided into these 2 wavelengths

A

UVA and UVB

72
Q

This type of UV radiation is considered “burning rays”

A

UVB

73
Q

This type of UV radiation is considered “tanning rays”

A

UVA

74
Q

These are the 3 kinds of skin cancers

A

SCC, BCC, Melanoma

75
Q

This is an elevated patch of melanized skin

A

Mole

76
Q

Each letter in the ABCDE’s of skin cancer stand for:

A

A: Asymmetry
B: Border irregularity
C: Color
D: Diameter
E: Evolving

77
Q

This is the most common and least deadly type of skin cancer

A

BCC

78
Q

BCC’s arise from this layer of the skin

A

Stratum basale

79
Q

“pearly” and “shiny” usually describe this type of skin cancer

A

BCC

80
Q

SCC’s arise from keratinocytes from this layer of the skin

A

Stratum spinosum

81
Q

This is the most deadly form of skin cancer

A

Malignant melanoma

82
Q

Flat, melanized patches that vary with heredity and exposure to the sun

A

Freckles

83
Q

AKA hemangiomas - patches of skin discolored by benign tumors of blood capillaries

A

Birthmarks

84
Q

This partial-thickness burn only affects the epidermis and usually heals in a few days

A

1st degree burn

85
Q

This partial-thickness burn affects the entire epidermis and part of the dermis

A

2nd degree burn

86
Q

This full-thickness burn destroys the epidermis and the dermis, can affect the hypodermis and deeper layers

A

3rd degree burn

87
Q

These are the singular and plural words for “hair”

A

pilus (s), pili (pl)

88
Q

These are the accessory organs of the skin

A

Hair, nails, skin glands

89
Q

We grow 3 different kinds of hair:

A

Downy hair, Vellus hair, Terminal hair

90
Q

There are 3 parts to a hair

A

Hair shaft, hair root, hair bulb

91
Q

The only living cells in the hair are in the

A

Hair bulb

92
Q

The hair bulb grows around this bud of vascular connective tissue which provides the hair with a source of nutrition

A

dermal papilla

93
Q

Immediately above the hair papilla is the hair’s growth center, or the:

A

hair matrix

94
Q

There are 3 parts to the hair shaft

A

medulla, cortex, and cuticle

95
Q

These receptors respond to hair movement

A

hair receptors

96
Q

Excessive hairiness is called

A

hirsutism

97
Q

Straight hair has this follicle shape

A

circular/round

98
Q

wavy hair has this follicle shape

A

oval

99
Q

curly hair has this follicle shape

A

flat

100
Q

This is the epidermis that lies right underneath the nail

A

hyponychium

101
Q

the white area/crescent of the nail is the

A

lunule

102
Q

the cuticle of the nail/narrow layer of dead skin overhanging the lunule is the

A

eponychium

103
Q

What accounts for growth of the nail?

A

Mitosis in the nail matrix

104
Q

The body has 5 types of glands:
AESCM

A

Apocrine
Eccrine
Sebaceous
Ceruminous
Mammary

105
Q

age-related skin degeneration

A

senescence

Anatomy (10 decks)

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