Ch.5 - Integumentary System Flashcards
The skin alone is called the
Integument
The skin’s epidermal cells contain an abundance of this tough protein
Keratin
These nerve endings in the skin regulate body temperature
thermoreceptors
These are the 5 types of cells in the epidermis
KSMTD
Keratinocytes
Stem cells
Melanocytes
Tactile cells
Dendritic cells
A cell of the epidermis that synthesizes keratin
Keratinocytes
A cell of the epidermis that is undifferentiated that has potential to develop into blood cells or germ cells
Stem cells
A cell of the stratum basale of the epidermis that synthesizes melanin and transfers it to keratinocytes
Melanocytes
A cell of the epidermis that is a receptor for touch
Tactile cells
An antigen-presenting cell of the epidermis
Dendritic cell
Number of layers in the epidermis
5
Layer of the epidermis that is a single layer of cuboidal to low columnar stem cells and keratinocytes resting on a basement membrane
Stratum basale
Layer of the epidermis that is the thickest in most areas and consists if layers of keratinocytes.
Stratum spinosum
Layer of the epidermis containing layers of flat keratinocytes that contain dark-staining keratohyalin granules
Stratum granulosum
Layer of the epidermis is a thin, translucent layer only seen in thick skin
stratum lucidum
This is the name of the protein in the stratum lucidum
eleidin
Layer of the epidermis consisting of up to 30 layers of dead, keratinized cells that form a durable surface
stratum corneum
Thick accumulations of keratinocytes on the hands or feet
callus/corns
This barrier is crucial to retaining water in the body and preventing dehydration
Epidermal water barrier
This layer is beneath the epidermis
Dermis
The dermis mainly contains this fiber
Collagen
The dermis is this kind of connective tissue
Fibrous connective tissue
Hair follicles and nail roots are embedded in the
Dermis
A bump/ridge of the dermis that extends upward to interlace with the epidermis as a method of connection
dermal papilla
These are the 2 zones of the dermis
Papillary layer and the reticular layer
This layer of the dermis is made of areolar connective tissue and is rich in small blood vessels
Papillary layer
This layer of the dermis is much thicker and consists of dense irregular connective tissue
Reticular layer
This is the layer right beneath the skin, AKA the subcutaneous tissue
Hypodermis
The hypodermis generally has more of these 2 kinds of tissue
Areolar and adipose
These cells produce melanin
Melanocytes
There are 2 kinds of melanin
Pheomelanin and eumelanin
A yellow pigment of the skin acquired from egg yolks, yellow and orange vegetables
Carotene
Blueness of the skin resulting from a lack of oxygen in the circulating bloof
Cyanosis
Abnormal redness of the skin
Erythema
Pale/ashen color of the skin resulting from very little blood flow to the skin. Can occur during stress or hypovolemic shock
Pallor
Genetic lack of melanin
Albinism
Melanin is synthesized from this amino acid by this enzyme
Tyrosine amino acid by tyrosinase enzyme
Yellowing of the skin and whites of eyes due to the build-up of bilirubin in the blood
Jaundice
Bilirubin is the breakdown of
Hemoglobin
Mass of clotted blood showing through the skin, AKA bruise
Hematoma
Markings on fingertips that leave distinctively oily fingerprints on surfaces we touch
Friction ridges
These are the lines on the flexor surfaces of the digits, palms, wrists, elbows, etc. that mark there the skin folds
Flexion lines
Flat, melanized patches that vary with heredity and exposure to the sun
Freckles
Elevated patch of melanized skin, often with hair
Mole/Nevus
Patches of discolored skin caused by benign tumors of the blood capillaries, AKA Birthmarks
Hemangiomas
A smaller organ embedded into the skin. Examples include the nails and hair
Accessory organs
A single hair is AKA
pilus (pl. ‘pili’)
We grow 3 different kinds of hair over our lifetime
Downy hair
Vellus hair
Terminal hair
Fine, unpigmented hair of the fetus
Downy hair
Downy hair is eventually replaced by this type of hair, which is similar to downy hair
Vellus hair
Longer, coarser, usually more heavily-pigmented hair in our eyebrows, eyelashes, etc.
Terminal hair
A hair is divisible into 2 parts
Hair shaft and hair root
The hair root is embedded in the
Dermis
The swollen base of a hair root is the
Hair bulb
This provides hair with its sole source of nutrition
Dermal papilla
AKA the hair’s growth center, is the site of actively dividing cells
hair matrix
This small smooth muscle extends from the dermis to the hair follicle and responds to cold/fear/otherstimuli
arrector pili
Brown and black hair are rich in
eumelanin
Red hair has less ? and a high concentration of ?
less eumelanin, higher concentration of pheomelanin
Blonde hair has an intermediate amount of ? but very little
Intermediate amount of pheomelanin, very little eumelanin
Gray/white hair results from a scarcity of
melanin
Baldness/Thinning of the hair
Alopecia
In this condition, hair is lost from select regions instead of thinning uniformly across the scalp
Pattern baldness
What are the 2 kinds of sweat glands?
Apocrine and eccrine
This sweat gland produces the “stinky” sweat in the axillae, groin, areola, anal region, and beard area
Apocrine sweat glands
Where do apocrine sweat gland ducts lead to?
The hair follicle
NOT the skin’s surface
By which method do apocrine and eccrine sweat glands secrete their product?
Exocytosis
Eccrine glands are AKA
merocrine glands
Eccrine sweat glands release its product directly to the
skin surface
This is the main function of an eccrine sweat gland
cool the body
Where are eccrine sweat glands primarily found?
Palms, soles, and forehead
UV radiation is divided into these 2 wavelengths
UVA and UVB
This type of UV radiation is considered “burning rays”
UVB
This type of UV radiation is considered “tanning rays”
UVA
These are the 3 kinds of skin cancers
SCC, BCC, Melanoma
This is an elevated patch of melanized skin
Mole
Each letter in the ABCDE’s of skin cancer stand for:
A: Asymmetry
B: Border irregularity
C: Color
D: Diameter
E: Evolving
This is the most common and least deadly type of skin cancer
BCC
BCC’s arise from this layer of the skin
Stratum basale
“pearly” and “shiny” usually describe this type of skin cancer
BCC
SCC’s arise from keratinocytes from this layer of the skin
Stratum spinosum
This is the most deadly form of skin cancer
Malignant melanoma
Flat, melanized patches that vary with heredity and exposure to the sun
Freckles
AKA hemangiomas - patches of skin discolored by benign tumors of blood capillaries
Birthmarks
This partial-thickness burn only affects the epidermis and usually heals in a few days
1st degree burn
This partial-thickness burn affects the entire epidermis and part of the dermis
2nd degree burn
This full-thickness burn destroys the epidermis and the dermis, can affect the hypodermis and deeper layers
3rd degree burn
These are the singular and plural words for “hair”
pilus (s), pili (pl)
These are the accessory organs of the skin
Hair, nails, skin glands
We grow 3 different kinds of hair:
Downy hair, Vellus hair, Terminal hair
There are 3 parts to a hair
Hair shaft, hair root, hair bulb
The only living cells in the hair are in the
Hair bulb
The hair bulb grows around this bud of vascular connective tissue which provides the hair with a source of nutrition
dermal papilla
Immediately above the hair papilla is the hair’s growth center, or the:
hair matrix
There are 3 parts to the hair shaft
medulla, cortex, and cuticle
These receptors respond to hair movement
hair receptors
Excessive hairiness is called
hirsutism
Straight hair has this follicle shape
circular/round
wavy hair has this follicle shape
oval
curly hair has this follicle shape
flat
This is the epidermis that lies right underneath the nail
hyponychium
the white area/crescent of the nail is the
lunule
the cuticle of the nail/narrow layer of dead skin overhanging the lunule is the
eponychium
What accounts for growth of the nail?
Mitosis in the nail matrix
The body has 5 types of glands:
AESCM
Apocrine
Eccrine
Sebaceous
Ceruminous
Mammary
age-related skin degeneration
senescence
