Ch. 1: Scope of Human Anatomy Flashcards
Functional reasoning behind human organs
Functional Morphology
Study of structure visible to the naked eye
Surface dissections, X-rays, MRI
Gross Anatomy
Studies external structures of body
Surface Anatomy
Study of internal structures
Radiologic Anatomy
Study of one organ system at a time
Systemic Anatomy
Study of multiple organ systems in a certain region of the body
Regional Anatomy
Taking and observing a tissue specimen under a microscope
Histology (Microscopic Anatomy)
Study of the structure and function of cells
Cytology
Looking at the body
(Physical exam, palpating to feel, auscultation to hear, and “percussion” to observe any abnormalities in resistance in areas
Inspection
Methods of viewing inside the body without surgery
Medical Imaging
Process of photographing medical images using X-rays (radiograph).
Radiography
Examination of blood vessels
Angiography
More extensive imaging that scans the body in ‘slices’ and stacks the slices on top of each other to forma 3D image of the body.
Computed Tomography (CT Scan)
Imaging that is better than CT for imaging soft tissues. Can induce a claustrophobic feeling to patients.
Magentic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Used to detect metabolic activity of tissue and observe which tissues are most active during a certain moment
Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan)
Imaging done with a high frequency probe pressed to the skin using ultrasound waves to create a 3D image
Sonography
Normal arrangment of internal structure
situs solitus
Organs of thoracic and abdominal cavities reversed
situs inversus
Only a single organ is inversely placed
situs perversus
Person is facing UP
Supine
Person is facing DOWN
Prone
The axial region contains these areas:
Head, neck, cervical region, and trunk
The head, neck, cervical region, and trunk encompass this region:
Axial region
Horizontal lines that divide abdomen into the 9 regions are called:
Superior line: Subcostal Line
Inferior line: Intertubercular line
The horizontal lines that divide the abdomen into 9 regions are called:
Midclavicular line
The Appendicular Region contains these areas:
Upper limbs and lower limbs
The upper and lower limbs make up this region:
Appendicular Region
What separates the thoracic cavity and contains the heart?
Mediastinum
Which serous membrane surrounds the heart?
Pericardium
Name the 3 layers of the pericardium
Visceral pericardium (epicardium)
Pericardial Cavity
Parietal pericardium (Pericardial sac)
What is the name of the serous membrane surrounding the lungs?
Pleura
Name the 3 layers of the pleura:
Visceral pleura, pleural cavity, parietal pleura
What is the name of the serous fluid in the pericardial cavity?
Pericardial fluid
What is the name of the serous fluid in the pleural cavity?
Pleural fluid
What is the name of the membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity?
Peritoneum
Name the layers of the peritoneum:
Visceral peritoneum
Parietal peritoneum
Peritoneal cavity
What is in between the visceral peritoneum and internal viscera?
serosa
Organs in the posterior abdominopelvic cavity that are lined with both visceral and parietal peritoneum are described as being in “ “ position
Retroperitoneal position
Organs in retroperitoneal position are considered:
Intraperitoneal
Extension of the peritoneum suspending the intestines in place:
Posterior mesentery
Mesentery of large intestine
Mesocolon
As posterior mesentery continues to expand anteriorly, it becomes:
Anterior mesentery
Fatty layer covering the intestine
Greater omentum
