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Anatomy > Ch. 10 - Muscle cells > Flashcards

Ch. 10 - Muscle cells Flashcards

1
Q

This muscle tissue is voluntary and striated

A

Skeletal muscle

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2
Q

This muscle tissue is involuntary and striated

A

Cardiac muscle

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2
Q

This muscle tissue is involuntary and non-striated

A

Smooth muscle

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3
Q

A muscle cell can be AKA (x2)

A

Muscle fiber, myofiber

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4
Q

This is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

A

Sarcolemma

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5
Q

Where in a muscle fiber is Ca2+ stored?

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

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6
Q

Glycogen provides this for the muscle cell

A

Energy

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7
Q

Myoglobin provides this for the muscle cell

A

Oxygen

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8
Q

That sarcoplasm contains

A

Glycogen and Myoglobin

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9
Q

These are the “organelles” of the muscle cell

A

Myofilaments

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10
Q

A segment of myofibril from one Z-disc to the other Z-disc

A

Sarcomere

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11
Q

What is the functional subunit of a muscle fiber?

A

Sarcomere

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12
Q

Fibrous protein strands that carry out the muscle contraction

A

Myofilaments

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13
Q

3 kinds of myofilaments

A

Thick
Thin
Elastic

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14
Q

Thick myofilaments are made of this ? called ?

A

motor protein called myosin

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15
Q

Thin myofilaments are made of intertwined strands of

A

Actin filaments

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16
Q

A subunit strung into the actin filaments are the

A

Globular (G) actin

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17
Q

Besides actin and globular filaments, a thin filament also has these proteins

A

Tropomyosin and troponin

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18
Q

The contractile proteins are

A

Actin and myosin

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19
Q

The regulatory proteins are

A

Tropomyosin and troponin

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20
Q

This additional accessory protein links actin filaments to transmembrane proteins in the sarcolemma

A

Dystrophin

21
Q

What creates the striated appearance of a muscle fiber?

A

The alternating arrangements of myofilaments

22
Q

Does myosin or actin stain darker?

A

Myosin

23
Q

“Striated muscle has (darker/lighter) A-bands that alternate with (darker/lighter) I-bands under a microscope”

A

Darker A-bands
Lighter I-bands

24
Q

Each A-band consists of (thick/thin) myofilaments

A

Thick

25
Q

In the middle of each A-band is a lighter region called the (there’s 2)

A

H-band and the M-line

26
Q

This section of the A-band stains lighter due to a lack of thin myofilaments

A

H-band

27
Q

This section of the A-band anchors thick myofilaments together

A

M-line

28
Q

This part of the muscle fiber is described as a light stripe of thin filaments only

A

I-Band

29
Q

This is the midline of an I-band

A

Z-disc

30
Q

Muscle fibers are (vascular/avascular)

A

Vascular

31
Q

Skeletal muscle is innervated by which kind of neurons

A

Motor neurons

32
Q

Where a neuron innervates a skeletal muscle

A

Neuromuscular junction

33
Q

Acetylcholine is a

A

Neurotransmitter

34
Q

This is the enzyme that breaks down Ach

A

Acetylcholinesterase

35
Q

There are 2 types of motor units

A

Small and large motor units

36
Q

There are 2 classes of muscle fibers

A

Slow-twitch and Fast-twitch

37
Q

Which kind of muscle fiber is adapted to aerobic respiration?

A

Slow-twitch fiber

38
Q

Do slow-twitch fibers fatigue easily?

A

No

39
Q

Which kind of muscle fiber is adapted to anaerobic respiration?

A

Fast-twitch fiber

40
Q

Skeletal fibers are (capable/incapable) of mitosis

A

Incapable of mitosis

41
Q

What happens in a myofiber allowing the muscle to enlarge?

A

Myofibrils grow thicker

42
Q

A muscle grows by (hyperplasia/hypertrophy)

A

Hypertrophy

43
Q

Unused muscles shrink. Another name for this?

A

Muscle cells “atrophy”

44
Q

These connect myocardial cells and appear as dark lines

A

Intercalated discs

45
Q

Are there Z-discs in smooth muscle?

A

No

46
Q

Instead of Z-discs, smooth muscle has these protein plaques

A

Dense bodies

47
Q

“diseases of the muscle”

A

Myopathies

48
Q

Sex-linked skeletal muscle degeneration

A

Muscular dystrophy

49
Q

Autoimmune disease with damaged Ach receptors

A

Myasthenia gravis (MG)

Anatomy (10 decks)

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