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Anatomy > Ch. 6 - Bone Tissues > Flashcards

Ch. 6 - Bone Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

4 classes of bones

A

Flat bone, long bone, irregular bone, and short bones

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2
Q

The body of a long bone is called its

A

Diaphysis (shaft)

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3
Q

The head at the ends of long bones are called

A

Epiphysis

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4
Q

In children, this cartilage plate separates the epiphysis and diaphysis of long bones and calcifies when person is done growing

A

epiphysial plate

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5
Q

Most of the bone is covered in this sheath

A

Periosteum

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6
Q

These collagen fibers of the periosteum penetrate into the bone matrix

A

Perforating fibers

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7
Q

Blood vessels of the periosteum penetrate through the bone through these channels

A

nutrient foramina

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8
Q

The internal surface of the bone is lined with

A

Endosteum

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9
Q

At most joints, this kind of cartilage is present

A

Articular cartilage

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10
Q

In the skull, the spongy layer inside the flat bone is called the

A

diploe

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11
Q

Stem cells found in the endostem

A

Osteogenic cells

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12
Q

Osteogenic cells arise from

A

embryonic mesenchyme

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13
Q

Osteogenic cells give rise to these cells

A

Osteoblasts

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14
Q

Bone-forming cells that synthesize bone tissue

A

Osteoblasts

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15
Q

Formation of new bone tissue

A

Osteogenesis

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16
Q

Mature bone cells now trapped in bone matrix

A

Osteocytes

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17
Q

Osteocytes reside in cavities called

A

Osseous lacunae

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18
Q

Lacunae are connected by tiny channels called

A

canaliculi

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19
Q

Bone-dissolving macrophages found on bone surfaces

A

Osteoclasts

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20
Q

Dissolving of bone tissue

A

Osteolysis

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21
Q

Onion-like layers of matrix around a central canal

A

Concentric lamellae

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22
Q

A canal that passes through the osteon, containss blood vessels and nerves

A

Central canal

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23
Q

central canal + concentric lamellae = ?

A

Osteon

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24
Q

Basic structural unit of compact bone

A

Osteon

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25
Q

Central canals are connected by

A

Perforating canals

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26
Q

Lacunae are connected by

A

canaliculi

27
Q

The central and perforating canals contain

A

blood vessels and nerves

28
Q

These are “osteons with no central canal”

A

Interstitial lamellae

29
Q

The calcified lattice of spongy bone

A

trabeculae

30
Q

What fills the spaces of trabeculae?

A

bone marrow

31
Q

Soft material occupying cavity of long bone and trabeculae

A

bone marrow

32
Q

Red bone tissue is AKA

A

myeloid tissue

33
Q

What makes red bone marrow red?

A

abundance of RBCs

34
Q

Since blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, it is considered

A

hematopoietic

35
Q

Osteogenesis can be AKA

A

ossification

36
Q

What are the 2 methods of ossification?

A

intramembranous and endochondral

37
Q

This kind of ossification is developed directly from a sheet of mesenchyme and skips the “cartilage step”

A

Intramembranous ossification

38
Q

This process is described as a multiplication of chondrocytes and deposition of matrix from the interior of the bone

A

Interstitial ossification

39
Q

This marks the former location of the epiphyseal plate

A

Epiphyseal line

40
Q

This growth occurs when the bone grows in diameter and thickness

A

Appositional growth

41
Q

In appositional growth, is new matrix being deposited internally or at the surface?

A

At the surface

42
Q

Appositional growth produces ? at the bone surface

A

Circumfrential lamellae

43
Q

This law states that the shape of bone is formed dependent on the mechanical stress placed upon it

A

Wolff’s Law of Bone

44
Q

What are the raw materials needed for the calcified ground substance of bone?

A

Calcium and Phosphate

45
Q

This vitamin promotes synthesis of glycosaminoglycans of the bone matrix

(GAGs)

A

Vitamin A

46
Q

This vitamin promotes the cross-linking of collagen molecules in bone and other fibers

(“C”ross-link “C”ollagen fibers)

A

Vitamin C

47
Q

Necessary for calcium absorption by the small intestine

A

Vitamin D

48
Q

Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland, promotes osteoblast activity

A

Calcitonin

49
Q

Hormone that promotes internal absorption of calcium and the elongation of bones

A

Growth hormone

50
Q

Parathyroid glands release this hormone in response to a drop in calcium levels in the blood, stimulates osteoclast activity

A

Parathyroid homone (PTH)

51
Q

PTH stimulates these bone cells which will release what?

A

PTH stimulates OSTEOBLASTS which secrete osteoclast-stimulating factor, which will increase bone resorption and release the calcium into the blood

52
Q

The loss of bone

A

Osteopenia

53
Q

Fracture caused by abnormal trauma to the bone (athletics, accidents)

A

Stress fracture

54
Q

Fracture caused in an already weakened bone that wouldn’t normally happen

A

Pathological fracture

55
Q

Procedure where bone fragments are manipulated back to shape without surgery

A

Closed reduction

56
Q

Procedure where the bone is surgically fixed

A

Open reduction

57
Q

What are the 3 factors that determine the name of a fracture?

A

-Direction of the fracture line
-If skin was broken or not
-If it was a clean fracture or resulted in bone fragments.

58
Q

Exaggertated curvature of the spine

A

Hyperkyphosis

59
Q

Condition described as a weakening of the bones from vitamin D and calcium deficiency

A

Rickets

60
Q

What is the most metabolically active region on a bone?

A

Metaphysis

61
Q

What is the functional form of vitamin D called? And where is this converted in?

A

Calcitriol, converted in the kidneys

62
Q

Calcium + Phosphate =

A

hydroxyapatite

63
Q

Site of blood cell production (AKA bone marrow)

A

Myeloid tissue

Anatomy (10 decks)

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