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Microbiology > Ch.5 > Flashcards

Ch.5 Flashcards

1
Q

Meaning that it has gained one or more electrons

A

Reduction

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2
Q

The addition of phosphate to a chemical compound

A

Phosphorylation

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3
Q

ATP is usually generated when a high-energy phosphate is directly transferred from a phosphorylated compound (a substrate) to ADP.

A

Substrate level phosphorylation

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4
Q

Electrons are transferred from organic compounds to one group of electron carriers (usually to NAD+ and FAD)

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

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5
Q

The sequence of electron carriers used in oxidative phosphorylation

A

Electron transport chain

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6
Q

Photophosphorylation

A
  • 3rd mechanism of phosphorylation

* occurs only in photosynthetic cells, which contains light trapping pigments such as chlorophylls.

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7
Q

The mechanism of ATP synthesis using the electron transport chain

A

Chemiosmosis

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8
Q

The breakdown of carbohydrate molecules to produce energy, is therefore of great importance of cell metabolism

A

Carbohydrate Catabolism

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9
Q

Oxidation of glucose to pyruvate acid, is usually the first stage in carbohydrate catabolism.

A

Glycolysis

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10
Q

Does not use oxygen

A

Anaerobe

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11
Q

Uses oxygen

A

Aerobe

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12
Q

Respiration in which the final electronic scepter in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen (O2)

A

Aerobic Respiration

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13
Q

A series of biochemical reactions in which the large amounts of potential chemical energy stored in Acetyl CoA is released step-by-step.

A

Krebs Cycle/ Citric Acid/ Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA)

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14
Q

Cellular respiration

A

An ATP-generating process in which molecules are oxidized and the final electron acceptor is (almost always) an inorganic molecule.

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15
Q

To produce energy from glucose, microrganisms use 2 general processes:
They both use glycolysis and break down glucose

A

1) Cellular respiration

2) Fermentation

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16
Q

ADH, FADH2 carry their electrons to where in the eukaryotes cell?

A

Inner membrane of the mitochondria

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17
Q

ADH, FADH2 carry their electrons to where in the prokaryote cell?

A

Plasma Membrane

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18
Q

When ADH and FADH2 dump their electrons, what do the electrons do?

A

Compromise energy, to create ATP

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19
Q

Electrons drive the ________ to higher concentration

A

Proton Pumps

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20
Q

What happens in the preparation step?

A
  • Loses one molecule of CO2.
  • Becomes a two carbon compound.
  • NAD+ is reduce to NADH.
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21
Q

Why are the reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2 the most important products of the Krebs cycle?

A

Because they contain most of the energy originally stored in glucose.

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22
Q

Electrons end up in the ___________ if you’re Eukaryote.

A

Inner Membrane Space

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23
Q

Electrons end up in the ________ if you’re Prokaryote.

A

Peri plasma membrane

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24
Q

Oxidation

A

Removal of electrons from an atom or molecule, a reaction that often proceeds energy

25
Q

In aerobic respiration a total of how many molecules of ATP can be generated from one molecule of glucose.

A

38 molecules of ATP

26
Q

Where do the electrons end up?

A

Electron transport chain and then into the matrix where they get added to oxygen and protons to make H2O.

27
Q

Role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

A

To find the electronic central.

28
Q

Electrons start of in _____ and _____ and end up in _____.

A

ADH
FADH2
Water

29
Q

What do the protons do?

A

The defuse, zoom right through the big open channel into ATP, which the terminal spins really fast, make 300 ATP every second.

30
Q

How many ATP total are made from 1 glucose?

A

38 ATPs total

31
Q

What is going to happen if oxygen is not available?

A

You can use glucose us fuel

32
Q

___________ is when you use anything other than oxygen as the final electrical

A

Anaerobic Respiration

33
Q

Some that use cellular respiration, can they use an alternative pathway to make ATP?

A

Yes, fermentation.

34
Q

Most common Fermentation pathways

A

1) lactic Acid Fermentation

2) Alcohol Fermentation

35
Q

What makes doug rise?

A

Co2 gas

36
Q

Why does bread dough rise?

A

Yeast ferment the sugars that are in the bread dough

37
Q

Lactic Acid Fermentation

A
  • A catabolic process, beginning with glycolysis, that produces lactic acid to reoxidize NADH.
  • Pyruvic acid is reduced by NADH to lactic acid.
38
Q

Alcohol Fermentation

A
  • A catabolic process, beginning with glycolysis, that produces ethyl alcohol to reoxidize NADH.
  • Acetaldehyde is reduced by NADH to produce ethanol.
39
Q

The enzymatic degradation of carbohydrates in which the final electrical stuff there is an organic molecule, ATP is synthesized by substrate level phosphorylation, and O2 is not required.

A

Fermentation

40
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy; The light-fueled synthesis of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide (Co2).

41
Q

What process of energy generous metabolism?

A

Photosynthesis

42
Q

2 pathways to photosynthesis

A

1) Light-dependent (light) reactions

2) Light-independent (dark) reactions

43
Q

Photosynthesis would be an ________ reaction because it’s building.

A

Anabolism

44
Q

2 types of Photophosphorylation

A

1) Cyclic Photophosphorylation

2) Noncyclic Photophosphorylation

45
Q

Synthesis means:

A
  • Means building

* Makes sugar precursor that are going to be made in sugars and starches.

46
Q

When the light strikes, what part of the micro is a striking that will drive photosynthesis?

A

The thylakoids (pancakes) in the chloroplast.

47
Q

Light contains energy called

A

Potential energy

48
Q

Once the light is harvested, air used to do work, then we got _________.

A

Kinetic Energy

49
Q

What happens to the chlorophyll that is being bombarded with the light?

A

The entire chlorophyll starts to vibrate.

50
Q

2 electrons for every chlorophyll, where those electrons go?

A
  • Electron transport chain, which is located in the thylakoid membrane.l
  • No inner or outer membrane because you’re not using mitochondria.
51
Q

You need water to drive photosynthesis, so enzymes come along and through this process called _______, the water gets torn apart.

A

Hydrolysis

52
Q

What are photosystems made up of?

A

Chlorophyll and other pigments packed into thylakoid membranes.

53
Q

Cyclic Photophosphorylation

A

The electrons released from chlorophyll by light return to chlorophyll after passage along the electron transfer chain.

54
Q

Noncyclic Photophosphorylation

A
  • Electrons are used to reduce NADP+.

* The electrons from H2O or H2S replace those lost from chlorophyll.

55
Q

The process by which light energy to convert ADP and phosphate to ATP.

A

Light-dependent (light) Reaction

56
Q

The process by which electrons and energy from ATP are used to reduce CO2 to sugar.

A

Light-independent (dark) Reactions

57
Q

What are you going to phosphorylate in photophosphorylation?

A

ADP to produce ATP

58
Q

Where do the electrons go in photosynthesis?

A

To recharge the chlorophyll and then O2 gas is released.

Microbiology (19 decks)

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