Ch. 24: Microbial Diseases Of The Respiratory System

Question 1

What do ear aches often begin as?

Answer 1

Sore throat

Question 2

What type of strep is streptococcal pharyngitis?

Answer 2

GAS

Question 3

What species is GAS?

Answer 3

Strep pyogenes

Question 4

When we speak of respiratory infections why do we include ear aches?

Answer 4

Because the Eustachian tubes connects the middle ear to the nasalopharynx.

Question 5

What’s scarlet fever?

Answer 5

Red patches on the skin, kind of a macular rash that’s caused by erythrogenic toxin, that’s produced by GAS.

Question 6

What does erythro mean?

Answer 6

Red

Question 7

What does scarlet fever often begin as?

Answer 7

Streptococcal pharyngitis

Question 8

What’s the pathogens that causes diphtheria, and what’s unique about it?

Answer 8

• Corynebacterium diphtheriae

* Unique club shape to the bacteria

Question 9

What’s the vaccine for children and adults for Diphtheria?

Answer 9

• Kids: DTAP, begin at 2 months

* Adults: TDAP

Question 10

What is otitis media?

Answer 10

Middle ear infection

Question 11

What are the bacteria most commonly associated with otitis media?

Answer 11

• S. pneumonia (most common)
• H. influenza (same ones implicated in meningitis)
• Step. pyogenes (Because it often starts as a sore throat)

Question 12

What are the two pathogens that causes the common cold?

Answer 12

• Rhinovirus (#1 cause)

* Coronavirus

Question 13

The common cold has a hypothetical ID (Infectious Dose) of?

Answer 13

1 virus particle

Question 14

What pathogen causes whooping cough (pertussis)?

Answer 14

Bordetella pertussis

Question 15

What is the vaccine for whooping cough (pertussis)?

Answer 15

• DTAP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Acellular, Pertussis), no longer a live virus starting in 1997
• A trivalent vaccine

Question 16

What type of disease is TB considered as?

Answer 16

• Chronic disease

* But really rare when you consider the number of people affected by it

Question 17

TB can be classified into two different types of infections, what are they?

Answer 17

Acute infection

Chronic infection

Question 18

What’s the pathogen that causes TB?

Answer 18

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Question 19

Is the pathogen of TB fast or slow growers?

Answer 19

Grows very slow, the cell walls are covered with my mycolic acid, which several antibiotics can’t penetrate very well

Question 20

Is there a vaccine for TB?

Answer 20

• Yes, BCG A childhood vaccines used often in Latin American countries.
• Doesn’t work well in adults, it’s considered a childhood vaccine

Question 21

What’s the tuberculin skin test?

Answer 21

Sub-dermal test, they inject a cell wall extract into the skin and monitor it after 48 hours

Question 22

How many people are infected by TB?

Answer 22

At least 1/3 of the worlds population

Question 23

There is a strain of TB that’s been the first strain of bacteria to ever be given the _______ designation over ______.

Answer 23

• XDR (Extensively Drug Resistant)

* MDR (Multidrug Resistant)

Question 24

What’s an indicator of a pneumococcal pneumonia (bacterial pneumonias)?
What causes it?

Answer 24

• Bloody sputum
• Rust colored sputum
• Caused by capillary hemorrhaging in the lungs

Question 25

Influenza is considered a:

Answer 25

Zoonosis

Question 26

Where does the respiratory system start and where does it end?

Answer 26

Nose

Alveolar capillaries

Question 27

What pathogen causes influenza?

Answer 27

Influenzavirus

Question 28

How are influenza sub-typed?

What’s there more of?

Answer 28

• HA spikes and NA spikes

* More HA spikes than NA

Question 29

What kind of nucleic acid is in the influenza virus?

Answer 29

RNA (8 fragments of RNA)

Question 30

What are the common animal reservoirs for influenza?

What are the type A?

Answer 30

Pig and birds

Type A ones are zoonosis, affect humans the most

Question 31

Wood is this referred to in a clinical setting if the child has strep pneumoniae a middle ear infection?

Answer 31

Otitis media, and the organism would be pneumococcal otitis media

Question 32

Why do children get otitis media more often than adults?

Answer 32

• Because they have shorter Eustachian tubes and the shape of the tube is more horizontal than adults
• Bacteria doesn’t have to fight gravity

Question 33

What are the three stages of whooping cough?

Answer 33

1) Catarrhal- Resembles a common cold
2) Paroxysmal- Continues coughing
3) Convalescence

Question 34

Acellular

Answer 34

Taking parts of Bordetella pertussis, break down the bacterium, and use it’s part to make a vaccine

Question 35

Normal generation time of a microbe?

Answer 35

35-40 min.