Ch38 Flashcards
What are the two main types of cells in the nervous system?
Neuron
Glial
What are the neuronal functions?
receive
process
transmit information
to control movements of the body
What are glial functions?
provide nutrients
regulate interstitial fluid that bathes neurons
modulating communication between neurons
speed up movement of electrical signals of neurons
What are the four main parts of a neuron?
- Dendrites
- Cell Body
- Axon
- Synaptic Terminals
What are Dendrites and their function?
branches protruding from the cell body
“receive information”
Name places where Dendrites can be found and their specific function.
Sensory Neurons-
produce electrical signals in response to stimuli from odor, pressure, light, temp, blood pH
Brain & Spinal Neurons-
respond to chemicals (neurotransmitters)
What are neurotransmitters?
chemicals released from neurons in the brain and spinal cord
What is a cell body and its function?
the part of the neuron that contains organelles
“process information” coordinates neurons and metabolic activity
How does a cell body complete its function?
adds up the signals produced by dentries. Negative or Positive
If large amount of positive cell produces action potential
What is action potential?
a large rapid electrical signal transmitted from a cell body
What is a Axon and its function?
a long thin strand extended away from the cell body
conducts action potential
What are the longest cells in the human body?
Axon neurons -
they can stretch from your spinal cord to your toes
What are bundled axons called?
Nerves
What is synapse?
when one neuron communicates with another cell
innervates
What does synapse consist of?
- synaptic terminal- swollen end of axon “sending” neuron
- “receiving” neuron
- small gap separating the two ^
Information carried ____ a neuron by electrical signals
within
Information is transmitted _____neurons by neurotransmitters
between
What is resting potential?
the constant electrical charge an inactive neuron still retains
-always negative -40 to -90 millivolts
What is the fundamental unit of the nervous system?
The Neuron
What are the neutrons functions?
- Receive info
- Process info
- Conduct electrical signals
- Transmit info
What are the steps of the action potential, as recorded in an oscilloscope? What causes each?
- Resting potential - voltage inside the cell is -40 to -90mV
- Stimulation - cell becomes less ( ^) or more negative
- Threshold - significant less negativity triggers action potential (-30)
- Action potential - Na+ enters the cell K+ exits the cells
- Resting potential
What are EPSP? Where are they added to produce an Action Potential?
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
to the axon helix ( between the cell body and axon)
What is an IPSP?
inhibitory postsynaptic potential
What is a neurotransmitter? Give some examples.
Acetylcholine Dopamine Norepinephrin Serotonin Glutamate Glycine GABA Endorphins Nitric Oxide