Ch 21 Flashcards
The ___ is a waxy coating that covers the epidermis of many land plants and limits the evaporation of water.
Cuticle
Pores in leaves and stems open to allow gas exchange but close when water is scarce, reducing the amount of water lost to evaporation is called ____
Stomata
____ are gymnosperms that reproduce by means of seeds formed inside cones
Conifers
In the life cycle of most plants, a diploid ______ generation produces haploid spores through meiotic cell division.
Sporophyte
Haploid spores develop into a haploid ______ generation which produce sperm and eggs by mitosis. These fuse and produce a diploid zygote, and the life cycle beings again.
Gametophyte
Ginkgos are _______, plants whose seeds are NOT encased in an ovary.
Gymnosperms
Apple trees are _______, flowering plants whose seeds are encased within ovaries that may mature into fruit
Angiosperms
_____ are structures within the ovaries of flowers inside which female gametophytes develop
Ovules
____ are tiny male gametophytes that carry sperm-producing cells. They are dispersed by wind or airborne insects.
Pollen grains
Which of the following supports the hypothesis that plants evolved from green algal ancestors?
- Plants and green algae both store food as glycongen
- Plants and green algae both have cells walls made of chitin
- Plants and green algae both use the same type of chlorophyll and accessory pigments during photosynthesis
- Plants and green algae both have true roots, stems, and leaves and complex reproductive structures
- Plants and green algae both use the same type of chlorophyll and accessory pigments during photosynthesis
Early plants evolution most likely occurred in freshwater habitats because _____
- most green algae are freshwater organisms
- water temperature can fluctuate seasonally or daily
- freshwater habitats may dry up periodically
- all of the above
-all of the above
Sporophytes produce haploid spores via____
- meiosis
- mitosis
- fertilization
- pollination
Meiosis
Which plant generation is responsible for the production of haploid gametes?
- sporophyte
- gametophyte
- zygote
- spore
gametophyte
all plants produce____
- spores
- seeds
- pollen
- swimming sperm
- fruits
spores
Plants alternate between diploid and haploid generations. What is the proper order of the plant life cycle?
- sporophyte, zygote, haploid plant (gametophyte), gamtete production, meiosis, haploid spore, sporophyte
- sporophyte, haploid spore, haploid plant (gametophyte), gamtete production, zygote, meiosis, sporophyte
- sporophyte, meiosis, haploid spore, haploid plant (gametophyte),gamtete production, zygote, sporophyte
-sporophyte, meiosis, haploid spore, haploid plant (gametophyte),gamtete production, zygote, sporophyte
Which of the following functions that anchor ecosystems is NOT performed by plants?
- Supply nutrients to the rest of the ecosystem
- Supply energy to the rest of the food web
- Recycle energy from dead organisms
- Create and maintain soil
-Recycle energy from dead organisms
Humans do NOT rely on plants for _____.
- gasoline for cars
- fuel for heating homes and cooking
- housing frames
- breaking down waste
-breaking down waste
Which of the following did the ancestors of modern plants possess?
- true roots
- stems
- leaves
- chlorophyll
-chlorophyll
____ and ____ are reproductive adaptations that allowed successful habitation of plants on land.
- leaves; seeds
- roots; pollen
- seeds; pollen
- roots; seeds
seeds ; pollen
Which of the following is NOT a plant adaptation for life on land?
- roots, which stabilize and absorb water and nutrients from soil
- a waxy cuticle , which prevents water loss
- colonial living , which maximizes use of resources while expending less energy
- stomata, which allow for gas exchange
-colonial living , which maximizes use of resources while expending less energy
___ are to plants as amphibians are to animals.
- gymnospers
- cycads
- gnetophyte
- bryophytes
-bryophytes
Why is water needed for bryophyte reproduction?
- both the sperm and the egg develop in spores, which must swim to the egg.
- the sperm must swim to the egg
- without water, the sperm will fertilize the egg, but the embryo will not develop
- without water, the embryo will remain haploid instead of diploid
-the sperm must swim to the egg
What is one of the main differences between club moss and moss?
- club moss have vascular tissue
- moss has leaves; club moss does not
- to conduct water and nutrients, club moss has rhizoids rather than vessels.
- moss has sperm and egg within the same spore; club moss has them in different spores
- club moss have vascular tissue
What is one of the main differences between seedless and seed plants?
- only seedless plants produce pollen
- only seed plants produce pollen
- only seedless plants have vascular tissue
- only seed plants have vascular tissue
-only seed plants produce pollen
Which of the following is NOT an adaptation the enables evergreen trees to live in a cold, dry ecosystem?
- to protect the embryos from the cold, they develop roots
- the trees grow continuously and undergo photosynthesis year-round
- the trees have a waxy waterproof coating that minimizes water loss
- the sap contains “antifreeze” that helps transport fluids even in freezing temperatures.
-to protect the embryos from the cold, they develop roots
What is NOT a major adaptation of angiosperms?
- flowers
- fruit
- needle-like leaves
- broad leaves
needle-like leaves
Which of these characteristics is shared by algae and seed plants?
- roots and shoots - vascular tissue - chloroplasts - embryo development within gametangia - pollen
chloroplasts-
Both algae and seed plants have cells with chloroplasts.
In moss, _____ produce sperm.
- archegonia - protonemata - sporangia - antheridia - embryos
antheridia-
Moss antheridia, found on the tops of male gametophytes, produce sperm.
